Recent Progress in the Management of Retroperitoneal Sarcoma

Retroperitoneal sarcomas (RPS) are rare tumours that typically present late and carry a poor prognosis even following grossly complete resection. In an attempt to improve the outlook for patients with RPS, sarcoma specialists have employed various adjuvant therapies, including extermal beam radiation, intraoperative radiation, brachyradiation and systemic chemotherapy. This article reviews the presentation and prognosis of RPS, and focuses on the results of new treatment strategies compared with conventional management. A Medline search of the English literature was performed to identify all retrospective and prospective reports relating to the management of adult RPS published since 1980. Series that did not analyse RPS separately from other intra-abdominal or extra-abdominal sarcomas or other malignancies were excluded, and information on investigation, presentation, prognostic factors, treatment and outcome was extracted from the remaining reports. Survival and local control data were collected from reports that contained at least 30 cases of RPS (n = 31). While surgical resection remains the cornerstone of treatment for RPS, the majority of patients will relapse and die from sarcoma within 5 years of resection. Adjuvant radiation may improve these results, but further trials are required to definitively demonstrate its benefit. Possible reasons for the failure of conventional treatment are discussed, and alternative strategies designed to overcome these obstacles are presented.