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Associations between Burkitt Lymphoma among Children in Malawi and Infection with HIV, EBV and Malaria: Results from a Case-Control Study
BACKGROUND: Burkitt lymphoma, a childhood cancer common in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, has been associated with Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) and malaria, but its association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is not clear. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We conducted a case-control study of Burkit...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Public Library of Science
2008
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2423475/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18560562 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002505 |
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author | Mutalima, Nora Molyneux, Elizabeth Jaffe, Harold Kamiza, Steve Borgstein, Eric Mkandawire, Nyengo Liomba, George Batumba, Mkume Lagos, Dimitrios Gratrix, Fiona Boshoff, Chris Casabonne, Delphine Carpenter, Lucy M. Newton, Robert |
author_facet | Mutalima, Nora Molyneux, Elizabeth Jaffe, Harold Kamiza, Steve Borgstein, Eric Mkandawire, Nyengo Liomba, George Batumba, Mkume Lagos, Dimitrios Gratrix, Fiona Boshoff, Chris Casabonne, Delphine Carpenter, Lucy M. Newton, Robert |
author_sort | Mutalima, Nora |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Burkitt lymphoma, a childhood cancer common in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, has been associated with Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) and malaria, but its association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is not clear. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We conducted a case-control study of Burkitt lymphoma among children (aged ≤15 years) admitted to the pediatric oncology unit in Blantyre, Malawi between July 2005 and July 2006. Cases were 148 children diagnosed with Burkitt lymphoma and controls were 104 children admitted with non-malignant conditions or cancers other than hematological malignancies and Kaposi sarcoma. Interviews were conducted and serological samples tested for antibodies against HIV, EBV and malaria. Odds ratios for Burkitt lymphoma were estimated using unconditional logistic regression adjusting for sex, age, and residential district. Cases had a mean age of 7.1 years and 60% were male. Cases were more likely than controls to be HIV positive (Odds ratio (OR)) = 12.4, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.3 to 116.2, p = 0.03). ORs for Burkitt lymphoma increased with increasing antibody titers against EBV (p = 0.001) and malaria (p = 0.01). Among HIV negative participants, cases were thirteen times more likely than controls to have raised levels of both EBV and malaria antibodies (OR = 13.2; 95% CI 3.8 to 46.6; p = 0.001). Reported use of mosquito nets was associated with a lower risk of Burkitt lymphoma (OR = 0.2, 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.9, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support prior evidence that EBV and malaria act jointly in the pathogenesis of Burkitt lymphoma, suggesting that malaria prevention may decrease the risk of Burkitt lymphoma. HIV may also play a role in the etiology of this childhood tumor. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-2423475 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2008 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-24234752008-06-18 Associations between Burkitt Lymphoma among Children in Malawi and Infection with HIV, EBV and Malaria: Results from a Case-Control Study Mutalima, Nora Molyneux, Elizabeth Jaffe, Harold Kamiza, Steve Borgstein, Eric Mkandawire, Nyengo Liomba, George Batumba, Mkume Lagos, Dimitrios Gratrix, Fiona Boshoff, Chris Casabonne, Delphine Carpenter, Lucy M. Newton, Robert PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Burkitt lymphoma, a childhood cancer common in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, has been associated with Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) and malaria, but its association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is not clear. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We conducted a case-control study of Burkitt lymphoma among children (aged ≤15 years) admitted to the pediatric oncology unit in Blantyre, Malawi between July 2005 and July 2006. Cases were 148 children diagnosed with Burkitt lymphoma and controls were 104 children admitted with non-malignant conditions or cancers other than hematological malignancies and Kaposi sarcoma. Interviews were conducted and serological samples tested for antibodies against HIV, EBV and malaria. Odds ratios for Burkitt lymphoma were estimated using unconditional logistic regression adjusting for sex, age, and residential district. Cases had a mean age of 7.1 years and 60% were male. Cases were more likely than controls to be HIV positive (Odds ratio (OR)) = 12.4, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.3 to 116.2, p = 0.03). ORs for Burkitt lymphoma increased with increasing antibody titers against EBV (p = 0.001) and malaria (p = 0.01). Among HIV negative participants, cases were thirteen times more likely than controls to have raised levels of both EBV and malaria antibodies (OR = 13.2; 95% CI 3.8 to 46.6; p = 0.001). Reported use of mosquito nets was associated with a lower risk of Burkitt lymphoma (OR = 0.2, 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.9, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support prior evidence that EBV and malaria act jointly in the pathogenesis of Burkitt lymphoma, suggesting that malaria prevention may decrease the risk of Burkitt lymphoma. HIV may also play a role in the etiology of this childhood tumor. Public Library of Science 2008-06-18 /pmc/articles/PMC2423475/ /pubmed/18560562 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002505 Text en Mutalima et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Mutalima, Nora Molyneux, Elizabeth Jaffe, Harold Kamiza, Steve Borgstein, Eric Mkandawire, Nyengo Liomba, George Batumba, Mkume Lagos, Dimitrios Gratrix, Fiona Boshoff, Chris Casabonne, Delphine Carpenter, Lucy M. Newton, Robert Associations between Burkitt Lymphoma among Children in Malawi and Infection with HIV, EBV and Malaria: Results from a Case-Control Study |
title | Associations between Burkitt Lymphoma among Children in Malawi and Infection with HIV, EBV and Malaria: Results from a Case-Control Study |
title_full | Associations between Burkitt Lymphoma among Children in Malawi and Infection with HIV, EBV and Malaria: Results from a Case-Control Study |
title_fullStr | Associations between Burkitt Lymphoma among Children in Malawi and Infection with HIV, EBV and Malaria: Results from a Case-Control Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Associations between Burkitt Lymphoma among Children in Malawi and Infection with HIV, EBV and Malaria: Results from a Case-Control Study |
title_short | Associations between Burkitt Lymphoma among Children in Malawi and Infection with HIV, EBV and Malaria: Results from a Case-Control Study |
title_sort | associations between burkitt lymphoma among children in malawi and infection with hiv, ebv and malaria: results from a case-control study |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2423475/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18560562 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002505 |
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