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Endogenous Retroviruses and Human Evolution

Humans share about 99% of their genomic DNA with chimpanzees and bonobos; thus, the differences between these species are unlikely to be in gene content but could be caused by inherited changes in regulatory systems. Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) comprise ∼ 5% of the human genome. The LTRs of ERVs...

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Autores principales: Khodosevich, Konstantin, Lebedev, Yuri, Sverdlov, Eugene
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2002
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2448423/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18629260
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cfg.216
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author Khodosevich, Konstantin
Lebedev, Yuri
Sverdlov, Eugene
author_facet Khodosevich, Konstantin
Lebedev, Yuri
Sverdlov, Eugene
author_sort Khodosevich, Konstantin
collection PubMed
description Humans share about 99% of their genomic DNA with chimpanzees and bonobos; thus, the differences between these species are unlikely to be in gene content but could be caused by inherited changes in regulatory systems. Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) comprise ∼ 5% of the human genome. The LTRs of ERVs contain many regulatory sequences, such as promoters, enhancers, polyadenylation signals and factor-binding sites. Thus, they can influence the expression of nearby human genes. All known human-specific LTRs belong to the HERV-K (human ERV) family, the most active family in the human genome. It is likely that some of these ERVs could have integrated into regulatory regions of the human genome, and therefore could have had an impact on the expression of adjacent genes, which have consequently contributed to human evolution. This review discusses possible functional consequences of ERV integration in active coding regions.
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spelling pubmed-24484232008-07-14 Endogenous Retroviruses and Human Evolution Khodosevich, Konstantin Lebedev, Yuri Sverdlov, Eugene Comp Funct Genomics Research Article Humans share about 99% of their genomic DNA with chimpanzees and bonobos; thus, the differences between these species are unlikely to be in gene content but could be caused by inherited changes in regulatory systems. Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) comprise ∼ 5% of the human genome. The LTRs of ERVs contain many regulatory sequences, such as promoters, enhancers, polyadenylation signals and factor-binding sites. Thus, they can influence the expression of nearby human genes. All known human-specific LTRs belong to the HERV-K (human ERV) family, the most active family in the human genome. It is likely that some of these ERVs could have integrated into regulatory regions of the human genome, and therefore could have had an impact on the expression of adjacent genes, which have consequently contributed to human evolution. This review discusses possible functional consequences of ERV integration in active coding regions. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2002-12 /pmc/articles/PMC2448423/ /pubmed/18629260 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cfg.216 Text en Copyright © 2002 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Khodosevich, Konstantin
Lebedev, Yuri
Sverdlov, Eugene
Endogenous Retroviruses and Human Evolution
title Endogenous Retroviruses and Human Evolution
title_full Endogenous Retroviruses and Human Evolution
title_fullStr Endogenous Retroviruses and Human Evolution
title_full_unstemmed Endogenous Retroviruses and Human Evolution
title_short Endogenous Retroviruses and Human Evolution
title_sort endogenous retroviruses and human evolution
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2448423/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18629260
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cfg.216
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