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Relative Crystallinity of Plant Biomass: Studies on Assembly, Adaptation and Acclimation

Plant biomechanical design is central to cell shape, morphogenesis, reproductive performance and protection against environmental and mechanical stress. The cell wall forms the central load bearing support structure for plant design, yet a mechanistic understanding of its synthesis is incomplete. A...

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Autores principales: Harris, Darby, DeBolt, Seth
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2008
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2483349/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18682826
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002897
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author Harris, Darby
DeBolt, Seth
author_facet Harris, Darby
DeBolt, Seth
author_sort Harris, Darby
collection PubMed
description Plant biomechanical design is central to cell shape, morphogenesis, reproductive performance and protection against environmental and mechanical stress. The cell wall forms the central load bearing support structure for plant design, yet a mechanistic understanding of its synthesis is incomplete. A key tool for studying the structure of cellulose polymorphs has been x-ray diffraction and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Relative crystallinity index (RCI) is based on the x-ray diffraction characteristics of two signature peaks and we used this technique to probe plant assembly, adaptation and acclimation. Confocal microscopy was used to visualize the dynamics of cellulose synthase in transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing a homozygous YFP::CESA6. Assembly: RCI values for stems and roots were indistinguishable but leaves had 23.4 and 21.6% lower RCI than stems and roots respectively. Adaptation: over 3-fold variability in RCI was apparent in leaves from 35 plant species spanning Ordovician to Cretaceous periods. Within this study, RCI correlated positively with leaf geometric constraints and with mass per unit area, suggestive of allometry. Acclimation: biomass crystallinity was found to decrease under conditions of thigmomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis. Further, in etiolated pea hypocotyls, RCI values also decreased compared to plants that were grown in light, consistent with alterations in FTIR cellulose fingerprint peaks and live cell imaging experiments revealing rapid orientation of the YFP::cellulose synthase-6 array in response to light. Herein, results and technical challenges associated with the structure of the cell wall that gives rise to sample crystallinity are presented and examined with respect to adaptation, acclimation and assembly in ecosystem-level processes.
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spelling pubmed-24833492008-08-06 Relative Crystallinity of Plant Biomass: Studies on Assembly, Adaptation and Acclimation Harris, Darby DeBolt, Seth PLoS One Research Article Plant biomechanical design is central to cell shape, morphogenesis, reproductive performance and protection against environmental and mechanical stress. The cell wall forms the central load bearing support structure for plant design, yet a mechanistic understanding of its synthesis is incomplete. A key tool for studying the structure of cellulose polymorphs has been x-ray diffraction and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Relative crystallinity index (RCI) is based on the x-ray diffraction characteristics of two signature peaks and we used this technique to probe plant assembly, adaptation and acclimation. Confocal microscopy was used to visualize the dynamics of cellulose synthase in transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing a homozygous YFP::CESA6. Assembly: RCI values for stems and roots were indistinguishable but leaves had 23.4 and 21.6% lower RCI than stems and roots respectively. Adaptation: over 3-fold variability in RCI was apparent in leaves from 35 plant species spanning Ordovician to Cretaceous periods. Within this study, RCI correlated positively with leaf geometric constraints and with mass per unit area, suggestive of allometry. Acclimation: biomass crystallinity was found to decrease under conditions of thigmomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis. Further, in etiolated pea hypocotyls, RCI values also decreased compared to plants that were grown in light, consistent with alterations in FTIR cellulose fingerprint peaks and live cell imaging experiments revealing rapid orientation of the YFP::cellulose synthase-6 array in response to light. Herein, results and technical challenges associated with the structure of the cell wall that gives rise to sample crystallinity are presented and examined with respect to adaptation, acclimation and assembly in ecosystem-level processes. Public Library of Science 2008-08-06 /pmc/articles/PMC2483349/ /pubmed/18682826 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002897 Text en Harris et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Harris, Darby
DeBolt, Seth
Relative Crystallinity of Plant Biomass: Studies on Assembly, Adaptation and Acclimation
title Relative Crystallinity of Plant Biomass: Studies on Assembly, Adaptation and Acclimation
title_full Relative Crystallinity of Plant Biomass: Studies on Assembly, Adaptation and Acclimation
title_fullStr Relative Crystallinity of Plant Biomass: Studies on Assembly, Adaptation and Acclimation
title_full_unstemmed Relative Crystallinity of Plant Biomass: Studies on Assembly, Adaptation and Acclimation
title_short Relative Crystallinity of Plant Biomass: Studies on Assembly, Adaptation and Acclimation
title_sort relative crystallinity of plant biomass: studies on assembly, adaptation and acclimation
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2483349/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18682826
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002897
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