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Studies of Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium falciparum enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase and implications for the development of antiparasitic agents

Recent studies have demonstrated that submicromolar concentrations of the biocide triclosan arrest the growth of the apicomplexan parasites Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii and inhibit the activity of the apicomplexan enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (ENR). The crystal structures of T...

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Autores principales: Muench, Stephen P., Prigge, Sean T., McLeod, Rima, Rafferty, John B., Kirisits, Michael J., Roberts, Craig W., Mui, Ernest J., Rice, David W.
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: International Union of Crystallography 2007
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2483495/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17327670
http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0907444906053625
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author Muench, Stephen P.
Prigge, Sean T.
McLeod, Rima
Rafferty, John B.
Kirisits, Michael J.
Roberts, Craig W.
Mui, Ernest J.
Rice, David W.
author_facet Muench, Stephen P.
Prigge, Sean T.
McLeod, Rima
Rafferty, John B.
Kirisits, Michael J.
Roberts, Craig W.
Mui, Ernest J.
Rice, David W.
author_sort Muench, Stephen P.
collection PubMed
description Recent studies have demonstrated that submicromolar concentrations of the biocide triclosan arrest the growth of the apicomplexan parasites Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii and inhibit the activity of the apicomplexan enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (ENR). The crystal structures of T. gondii and P. falciparum ENR in complex with NAD(+) and triclosan and of T. gondii ENR in an apo form have been solved to 2.6, 2.2 and 2.8 Å, respectively. The structures of T. gondii ENR have revealed that, as in its bacterial and plant homologues, a loop region which flanks the active site becomes ordered upon inhibitor binding, resulting in the slow tight binding of triclosan. In addition, the T. gondii ENR–triclosan complex reveals the folding of a hydrophilic insert common to the apicomplexan family that flanks the substrate-binding domain and is disordered in all other reported apicomplexan ENR structures. Structural comparison of the apicomplexan ENR structures with their bacterial and plant counterparts has revealed that although the active sites of the parasite enzymes are broadly similar to those of their bacterial counterparts, there are a number of important differences within the drug-binding pocket that reduce the packing interactions formed with several inhibitors in the apicomplexan ENR enzymes. Together with other significant structural differences, this provides a possible explanation of the lower affinity of the parasite ENR enzyme family for aminopyridine-based inhibitors, suggesting that an effective antiparasitic agent may well be distinct from equivalent antimicrobials.
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spelling pubmed-24834952009-03-05 Studies of Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium falciparum enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase and implications for the development of antiparasitic agents Muench, Stephen P. Prigge, Sean T. McLeod, Rima Rafferty, John B. Kirisits, Michael J. Roberts, Craig W. Mui, Ernest J. Rice, David W. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr Research Papers Recent studies have demonstrated that submicromolar concentrations of the biocide triclosan arrest the growth of the apicomplexan parasites Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii and inhibit the activity of the apicomplexan enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (ENR). The crystal structures of T. gondii and P. falciparum ENR in complex with NAD(+) and triclosan and of T. gondii ENR in an apo form have been solved to 2.6, 2.2 and 2.8 Å, respectively. The structures of T. gondii ENR have revealed that, as in its bacterial and plant homologues, a loop region which flanks the active site becomes ordered upon inhibitor binding, resulting in the slow tight binding of triclosan. In addition, the T. gondii ENR–triclosan complex reveals the folding of a hydrophilic insert common to the apicomplexan family that flanks the substrate-binding domain and is disordered in all other reported apicomplexan ENR structures. Structural comparison of the apicomplexan ENR structures with their bacterial and plant counterparts has revealed that although the active sites of the parasite enzymes are broadly similar to those of their bacterial counterparts, there are a number of important differences within the drug-binding pocket that reduce the packing interactions formed with several inhibitors in the apicomplexan ENR enzymes. Together with other significant structural differences, this provides a possible explanation of the lower affinity of the parasite ENR enzyme family for aminopyridine-based inhibitors, suggesting that an effective antiparasitic agent may well be distinct from equivalent antimicrobials. International Union of Crystallography 2007-02-21 /pmc/articles/PMC2483495/ /pubmed/17327670 http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0907444906053625 Text en © International Union of Crystallography 2007 http://journals.iucr.org/services/termsofuse.html This is an open-access article distributed under the terms described at http://journals.iucr.org/services/termsofuse.html.
spellingShingle Research Papers
Muench, Stephen P.
Prigge, Sean T.
McLeod, Rima
Rafferty, John B.
Kirisits, Michael J.
Roberts, Craig W.
Mui, Ernest J.
Rice, David W.
Studies of Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium falciparum enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase and implications for the development of antiparasitic agents
title Studies of Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium falciparum enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase and implications for the development of antiparasitic agents
title_full Studies of Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium falciparum enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase and implications for the development of antiparasitic agents
title_fullStr Studies of Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium falciparum enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase and implications for the development of antiparasitic agents
title_full_unstemmed Studies of Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium falciparum enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase and implications for the development of antiparasitic agents
title_short Studies of Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium falciparum enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase and implications for the development of antiparasitic agents
title_sort studies of toxoplasma gondii and plasmodium falciparum enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase and implications for the development of antiparasitic agents
topic Research Papers
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2483495/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17327670
http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0907444906053625
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