A systems approach to model natural variation in reactive properties of bacterial ribosomes

BACKGROUND: Natural variation in protein output from translation in bacteria and archaea may be an organism-specific property of the ribosome. This paper adopts a systems approach to model the protein output as a measure of specific ribosome reactive properties in a ribosome-mediated translation apparatus. We use the steady-state assumption to define a transition state complex for the ribosome, coupled with mRNA, tRNA, amino acids and reaction factors, as a subsystem that allows a focus on the completed translational output as a measure of specific properties of the ribosome. RESULTS: In analogy to the steady-state reaction of an enzyme complex, we propose a steady-state translation complex for mRNA from any gene, and derive a maximum specific translation activity, T(a(max)), as a property of the ribosomal reaction complex. T(a(max) )has units of a-protein output per time per a-specific mRNA. A related property of the ribosome, [Formula: see text] , has units of a-protein per time per total RNA with the relationship [Formula: see text] = ρ(a )T(a(max)), where ρ(a )represents the fraction of total RNA committed to translation output of P(a )from gene a message. T(a(max) )as a ribosome property is analogous to k(cat )for a purified enzyme, and [Formula: see text] is analogous to enzyme specific activity in a crude extract. CONCLUSION: Analogy to an enzyme reaction complex led us to a ribosome reaction model for measuring specific translation activity of a bacterial ribosome. We propose to use this model to design experimental tests of our hypothesis that specific translation activity is a ribosomal property that is subject to natural variation and natural selection much like V(max )and K(m )for any specific enzyme.