Cargando…

Expression patterns of transcribed human endogenous retrovirus HERV-K(HML-2) loci in human tissues and the need for a HERV Transcriptome Project

BACKGROUND: A significant proportion of the human genome is comprised of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs). HERV transcripts are found in every human tissue. Expression of proviruses of the HERV-K(HML-2) family has been associated with development of human tumors, in particular germ cell tumors...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Flockerzi, Aline, Ruggieri, Alessia, Frank, Oliver, Sauter, Marlies, Maldener, Esther, Kopper, Bernd, Wullich, Bernd, Seifarth, Wolfgang, Müller-Lantzsch, Nikolaus, Leib-Mösch, Christine, Meese, Eckart, Mayer, Jens
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2008
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2525661/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18664271
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-9-354
_version_ 1782158682674429952
author Flockerzi, Aline
Ruggieri, Alessia
Frank, Oliver
Sauter, Marlies
Maldener, Esther
Kopper, Bernd
Wullich, Bernd
Seifarth, Wolfgang
Müller-Lantzsch, Nikolaus
Leib-Mösch, Christine
Meese, Eckart
Mayer, Jens
author_facet Flockerzi, Aline
Ruggieri, Alessia
Frank, Oliver
Sauter, Marlies
Maldener, Esther
Kopper, Bernd
Wullich, Bernd
Seifarth, Wolfgang
Müller-Lantzsch, Nikolaus
Leib-Mösch, Christine
Meese, Eckart
Mayer, Jens
author_sort Flockerzi, Aline
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: A significant proportion of the human genome is comprised of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs). HERV transcripts are found in every human tissue. Expression of proviruses of the HERV-K(HML-2) family has been associated with development of human tumors, in particular germ cell tumors (GCT). Very little is known about transcriptional activity of individual HML-2 loci in human tissues, though. RESULTS: By employing private nucleotide differences between loci, we assigned ~1500 HML-2 cDNAs to individual HML-2 loci, identifying, in total, 23 transcriptionally active HML-2 proviruses. Several loci are active in various human tissue types. Transcription levels of some HML-2 loci appear higher than those of other loci. Several HML-2 Rec-encoding loci are expressed in GCT and non-GCT tissues. A provirus on chromosome 22q11.21 appears strongly upregulated in pathologic GCT tissues and may explain high HML-2 Gag protein levels in GCTs. Presence of Gag and Env antibodies in GCT patients is not correlated with activation of individual loci. HML-2 proviruses previously reported capable of forming an infectious HML-2 variant are transcriptionally active in germ cell tissue. Our study furthermore shows that Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) data are insufficient to describe transcriptional activity of HML-2 and other HERV loci in tissues of interest. CONCLUSION: Our, to date, largest-scale study reveals in greater detail expression patterns of individual HML-2 loci in human tissues of clinical interest. Moreover, large-scale, specialized studies are indicated to better comprehend transcriptional activity and regulation of HERVs. We thus emphasize the need for a specialized HERV Transcriptome Project.
format Text
id pubmed-2525661
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2008
publisher BioMed Central
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-25256612008-08-27 Expression patterns of transcribed human endogenous retrovirus HERV-K(HML-2) loci in human tissues and the need for a HERV Transcriptome Project Flockerzi, Aline Ruggieri, Alessia Frank, Oliver Sauter, Marlies Maldener, Esther Kopper, Bernd Wullich, Bernd Seifarth, Wolfgang Müller-Lantzsch, Nikolaus Leib-Mösch, Christine Meese, Eckart Mayer, Jens BMC Genomics Research Article BACKGROUND: A significant proportion of the human genome is comprised of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs). HERV transcripts are found in every human tissue. Expression of proviruses of the HERV-K(HML-2) family has been associated with development of human tumors, in particular germ cell tumors (GCT). Very little is known about transcriptional activity of individual HML-2 loci in human tissues, though. RESULTS: By employing private nucleotide differences between loci, we assigned ~1500 HML-2 cDNAs to individual HML-2 loci, identifying, in total, 23 transcriptionally active HML-2 proviruses. Several loci are active in various human tissue types. Transcription levels of some HML-2 loci appear higher than those of other loci. Several HML-2 Rec-encoding loci are expressed in GCT and non-GCT tissues. A provirus on chromosome 22q11.21 appears strongly upregulated in pathologic GCT tissues and may explain high HML-2 Gag protein levels in GCTs. Presence of Gag and Env antibodies in GCT patients is not correlated with activation of individual loci. HML-2 proviruses previously reported capable of forming an infectious HML-2 variant are transcriptionally active in germ cell tissue. Our study furthermore shows that Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) data are insufficient to describe transcriptional activity of HML-2 and other HERV loci in tissues of interest. CONCLUSION: Our, to date, largest-scale study reveals in greater detail expression patterns of individual HML-2 loci in human tissues of clinical interest. Moreover, large-scale, specialized studies are indicated to better comprehend transcriptional activity and regulation of HERVs. We thus emphasize the need for a specialized HERV Transcriptome Project. BioMed Central 2008-07-29 /pmc/articles/PMC2525661/ /pubmed/18664271 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-9-354 Text en Copyright © 2008 Flockerzi et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Flockerzi, Aline
Ruggieri, Alessia
Frank, Oliver
Sauter, Marlies
Maldener, Esther
Kopper, Bernd
Wullich, Bernd
Seifarth, Wolfgang
Müller-Lantzsch, Nikolaus
Leib-Mösch, Christine
Meese, Eckart
Mayer, Jens
Expression patterns of transcribed human endogenous retrovirus HERV-K(HML-2) loci in human tissues and the need for a HERV Transcriptome Project
title Expression patterns of transcribed human endogenous retrovirus HERV-K(HML-2) loci in human tissues and the need for a HERV Transcriptome Project
title_full Expression patterns of transcribed human endogenous retrovirus HERV-K(HML-2) loci in human tissues and the need for a HERV Transcriptome Project
title_fullStr Expression patterns of transcribed human endogenous retrovirus HERV-K(HML-2) loci in human tissues and the need for a HERV Transcriptome Project
title_full_unstemmed Expression patterns of transcribed human endogenous retrovirus HERV-K(HML-2) loci in human tissues and the need for a HERV Transcriptome Project
title_short Expression patterns of transcribed human endogenous retrovirus HERV-K(HML-2) loci in human tissues and the need for a HERV Transcriptome Project
title_sort expression patterns of transcribed human endogenous retrovirus herv-k(hml-2) loci in human tissues and the need for a herv transcriptome project
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2525661/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18664271
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-9-354
work_keys_str_mv AT flockerzialine expressionpatternsoftranscribedhumanendogenousretrovirushervkhml2lociinhumantissuesandtheneedforahervtranscriptomeproject
AT ruggierialessia expressionpatternsoftranscribedhumanendogenousretrovirushervkhml2lociinhumantissuesandtheneedforahervtranscriptomeproject
AT frankoliver expressionpatternsoftranscribedhumanendogenousretrovirushervkhml2lociinhumantissuesandtheneedforahervtranscriptomeproject
AT sautermarlies expressionpatternsoftranscribedhumanendogenousretrovirushervkhml2lociinhumantissuesandtheneedforahervtranscriptomeproject
AT maldeneresther expressionpatternsoftranscribedhumanendogenousretrovirushervkhml2lociinhumantissuesandtheneedforahervtranscriptomeproject
AT kopperbernd expressionpatternsoftranscribedhumanendogenousretrovirushervkhml2lociinhumantissuesandtheneedforahervtranscriptomeproject
AT wullichbernd expressionpatternsoftranscribedhumanendogenousretrovirushervkhml2lociinhumantissuesandtheneedforahervtranscriptomeproject
AT seifarthwolfgang expressionpatternsoftranscribedhumanendogenousretrovirushervkhml2lociinhumantissuesandtheneedforahervtranscriptomeproject
AT mullerlantzschnikolaus expressionpatternsoftranscribedhumanendogenousretrovirushervkhml2lociinhumantissuesandtheneedforahervtranscriptomeproject
AT leibmoschchristine expressionpatternsoftranscribedhumanendogenousretrovirushervkhml2lociinhumantissuesandtheneedforahervtranscriptomeproject
AT meeseeckart expressionpatternsoftranscribedhumanendogenousretrovirushervkhml2lociinhumantissuesandtheneedforahervtranscriptomeproject
AT mayerjens expressionpatternsoftranscribedhumanendogenousretrovirushervkhml2lociinhumantissuesandtheneedforahervtranscriptomeproject