Design of an Automated Flow Injection-Chemiluminescence Instrument Incorporating a Miniature Photomultiplier Tube for Monitoring Picomolar Concentrations of Iron in Seawater

A flow-injection (FI)-based instrument under LabVIEW control for monitoring iron in marine waters is described. The instrument incorporates a miniature, low-power photomultiplier tube (PMT), and a number of microelectric and solenoid actuated valves and peristaltic pumps. The software allows full control of all flow injection components and processing of the data from the PMT. The optimised system is capable of 20 injections per hour, including preconcentration and wash steps. The detection limit (3 sd of the blank) is 21 pM at sea and the linear range is 21–2000 pM with a 60-second sample load time. Typical precision between replicate FI peaks is 5.9 ± 3.2 % (n =4) over the linear range.