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Changes in Risk Variables of Metabolic Syndrome Since Childhood in Pre-Diabetic and Type 2 Diabetic Subjects: The Bogalusa Heart Study

OBJECTIVE—That type 2 diabetes is associated with the metabolic syndrome is known. However, information is lacking regarding the long-term and adverse changes of metabolic syndrome variables in the development of type 2 diabetes from childhood to adulthood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Observations w...

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Autores principales: Nguyen, Quoc Manh, Srinivasan, Sathanur R., Xu, Ji-Hua, Chen, Wei, Berenson, Gerald S.
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Diabetes Association 2008
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2551652/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18628566
http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc08-0898
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author Nguyen, Quoc Manh
Srinivasan, Sathanur R.
Xu, Ji-Hua
Chen, Wei
Berenson, Gerald S.
author_facet Nguyen, Quoc Manh
Srinivasan, Sathanur R.
Xu, Ji-Hua
Chen, Wei
Berenson, Gerald S.
author_sort Nguyen, Quoc Manh
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVE—That type 2 diabetes is associated with the metabolic syndrome is known. However, information is lacking regarding the long-term and adverse changes of metabolic syndrome variables in the development of type 2 diabetes from childhood to adulthood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Observations were examined, retrospectively, in a community-based cohort of normoglycemic (n = 1,838), pre-diabetic (n = 90), and type 2 diabetic (n = 60) subjects followed serially for cardiovascular risk factors during childhood (4–11 years), adolescence (12–18 years), and adulthood (19–44 years). RESULTS—Diabetic subjects versus normoglycemic subjects had significantly higher levels of subscapular skinfold, BMI, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and lower levels of HDL cholesterol beginning in childhood and higher levels of mean arterial pressure (MAP) in adolescence and adulthood. In a multivariate model including BMI, MAP, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and insulin, adjusted for age, age(2), race, sex, and race × sex interaction, adverse changes in glucose and LDL cholesterol were independently associated with pre-diabetic subjects, whereas adverse changes in BMI, glucose, and HDL cholesterol were associated with diabetic subjects. As young adults, pre-diabetic and diabetic groups displayed a significantly higher prevalence of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS—These findings indicate that adverse levels of risk variables of metabolic syndrome, adiposity, and measures of glucose homeostasis accelerating since childhood characterize the early natural history of type 2 diabetes and underscore the importance of early prevention and intervention on risk factors beginning in childhood.
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spelling pubmed-25516522009-10-01 Changes in Risk Variables of Metabolic Syndrome Since Childhood in Pre-Diabetic and Type 2 Diabetic Subjects: The Bogalusa Heart Study Nguyen, Quoc Manh Srinivasan, Sathanur R. Xu, Ji-Hua Chen, Wei Berenson, Gerald S. Diabetes Care Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk OBJECTIVE—That type 2 diabetes is associated with the metabolic syndrome is known. However, information is lacking regarding the long-term and adverse changes of metabolic syndrome variables in the development of type 2 diabetes from childhood to adulthood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Observations were examined, retrospectively, in a community-based cohort of normoglycemic (n = 1,838), pre-diabetic (n = 90), and type 2 diabetic (n = 60) subjects followed serially for cardiovascular risk factors during childhood (4–11 years), adolescence (12–18 years), and adulthood (19–44 years). RESULTS—Diabetic subjects versus normoglycemic subjects had significantly higher levels of subscapular skinfold, BMI, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and lower levels of HDL cholesterol beginning in childhood and higher levels of mean arterial pressure (MAP) in adolescence and adulthood. In a multivariate model including BMI, MAP, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and insulin, adjusted for age, age(2), race, sex, and race × sex interaction, adverse changes in glucose and LDL cholesterol were independently associated with pre-diabetic subjects, whereas adverse changes in BMI, glucose, and HDL cholesterol were associated with diabetic subjects. As young adults, pre-diabetic and diabetic groups displayed a significantly higher prevalence of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS—These findings indicate that adverse levels of risk variables of metabolic syndrome, adiposity, and measures of glucose homeostasis accelerating since childhood characterize the early natural history of type 2 diabetes and underscore the importance of early prevention and intervention on risk factors beginning in childhood. American Diabetes Association 2008-10 /pmc/articles/PMC2551652/ /pubmed/18628566 http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc08-0898 Text en Copyright © 2008, American Diabetes Association https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ for details.
spellingShingle Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk
Nguyen, Quoc Manh
Srinivasan, Sathanur R.
Xu, Ji-Hua
Chen, Wei
Berenson, Gerald S.
Changes in Risk Variables of Metabolic Syndrome Since Childhood in Pre-Diabetic and Type 2 Diabetic Subjects: The Bogalusa Heart Study
title Changes in Risk Variables of Metabolic Syndrome Since Childhood in Pre-Diabetic and Type 2 Diabetic Subjects: The Bogalusa Heart Study
title_full Changes in Risk Variables of Metabolic Syndrome Since Childhood in Pre-Diabetic and Type 2 Diabetic Subjects: The Bogalusa Heart Study
title_fullStr Changes in Risk Variables of Metabolic Syndrome Since Childhood in Pre-Diabetic and Type 2 Diabetic Subjects: The Bogalusa Heart Study
title_full_unstemmed Changes in Risk Variables of Metabolic Syndrome Since Childhood in Pre-Diabetic and Type 2 Diabetic Subjects: The Bogalusa Heart Study
title_short Changes in Risk Variables of Metabolic Syndrome Since Childhood in Pre-Diabetic and Type 2 Diabetic Subjects: The Bogalusa Heart Study
title_sort changes in risk variables of metabolic syndrome since childhood in pre-diabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects: the bogalusa heart study
topic Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2551652/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18628566
http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc08-0898
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