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The Inactivation Principle: Mathematical Solutions Minimizing the Absolute Work and Biological Implications for the Planning of Arm Movements
An important question in the literature focusing on motor control is to determine which laws drive biological limb movements. This question has prompted numerous investigations analyzing arm movements in both humans and monkeys. Many theories assume that among all possible movements the one actually...
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Public Library of Science
2008
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2561290/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18949023 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000194 |
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author | Berret, Bastien Darlot, Christian Jean, Frédéric Pozzo, Thierry Papaxanthis, Charalambos Gauthier, Jean Paul |
author_facet | Berret, Bastien Darlot, Christian Jean, Frédéric Pozzo, Thierry Papaxanthis, Charalambos Gauthier, Jean Paul |
author_sort | Berret, Bastien |
collection | PubMed |
description | An important question in the literature focusing on motor control is to determine which laws drive biological limb movements. This question has prompted numerous investigations analyzing arm movements in both humans and monkeys. Many theories assume that among all possible movements the one actually performed satisfies an optimality criterion. In the framework of optimal control theory, a first approach is to choose a cost function and test whether the proposed model fits with experimental data. A second approach (generally considered as the more difficult) is to infer the cost function from behavioral data. The cost proposed here includes a term called the absolute work of forces, reflecting the mechanical energy expenditure. Contrary to most investigations studying optimality principles of arm movements, this model has the particularity of using a cost function that is not smooth. First, a mathematical theory related to both direct and inverse optimal control approaches is presented. The first theoretical result is the Inactivation Principle, according to which minimizing a term similar to the absolute work implies simultaneous inactivation of agonistic and antagonistic muscles acting on a single joint, near the time of peak velocity. The second theoretical result is that, conversely, the presence of non-smoothness in the cost function is a necessary condition for the existence of such inactivation. Second, during an experimental study, participants were asked to perform fast vertical arm movements with one, two, and three degrees of freedom. Observed trajectories, velocity profiles, and final postures were accurately simulated by the model. In accordance, electromyographic signals showed brief simultaneous inactivation of opposing muscles during movements. Thus, assuming that human movements are optimal with respect to a certain integral cost, the minimization of an absolute-work-like cost is supported by experimental observations. Such types of optimality criteria may be applied to a large range of biological movements. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-2561290 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2008 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-25612902008-10-24 The Inactivation Principle: Mathematical Solutions Minimizing the Absolute Work and Biological Implications for the Planning of Arm Movements Berret, Bastien Darlot, Christian Jean, Frédéric Pozzo, Thierry Papaxanthis, Charalambos Gauthier, Jean Paul PLoS Comput Biol Research Article An important question in the literature focusing on motor control is to determine which laws drive biological limb movements. This question has prompted numerous investigations analyzing arm movements in both humans and monkeys. Many theories assume that among all possible movements the one actually performed satisfies an optimality criterion. In the framework of optimal control theory, a first approach is to choose a cost function and test whether the proposed model fits with experimental data. A second approach (generally considered as the more difficult) is to infer the cost function from behavioral data. The cost proposed here includes a term called the absolute work of forces, reflecting the mechanical energy expenditure. Contrary to most investigations studying optimality principles of arm movements, this model has the particularity of using a cost function that is not smooth. First, a mathematical theory related to both direct and inverse optimal control approaches is presented. The first theoretical result is the Inactivation Principle, according to which minimizing a term similar to the absolute work implies simultaneous inactivation of agonistic and antagonistic muscles acting on a single joint, near the time of peak velocity. The second theoretical result is that, conversely, the presence of non-smoothness in the cost function is a necessary condition for the existence of such inactivation. Second, during an experimental study, participants were asked to perform fast vertical arm movements with one, two, and three degrees of freedom. Observed trajectories, velocity profiles, and final postures were accurately simulated by the model. In accordance, electromyographic signals showed brief simultaneous inactivation of opposing muscles during movements. Thus, assuming that human movements are optimal with respect to a certain integral cost, the minimization of an absolute-work-like cost is supported by experimental observations. Such types of optimality criteria may be applied to a large range of biological movements. Public Library of Science 2008-10-24 /pmc/articles/PMC2561290/ /pubmed/18949023 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000194 Text en Berret et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Berret, Bastien Darlot, Christian Jean, Frédéric Pozzo, Thierry Papaxanthis, Charalambos Gauthier, Jean Paul The Inactivation Principle: Mathematical Solutions Minimizing the Absolute Work and Biological Implications for the Planning of Arm Movements |
title | The Inactivation Principle: Mathematical Solutions Minimizing the
Absolute Work and Biological Implications for the Planning of Arm Movements |
title_full | The Inactivation Principle: Mathematical Solutions Minimizing the
Absolute Work and Biological Implications for the Planning of Arm Movements |
title_fullStr | The Inactivation Principle: Mathematical Solutions Minimizing the
Absolute Work and Biological Implications for the Planning of Arm Movements |
title_full_unstemmed | The Inactivation Principle: Mathematical Solutions Minimizing the
Absolute Work and Biological Implications for the Planning of Arm Movements |
title_short | The Inactivation Principle: Mathematical Solutions Minimizing the
Absolute Work and Biological Implications for the Planning of Arm Movements |
title_sort | inactivation principle: mathematical solutions minimizing the
absolute work and biological implications for the planning of arm movements |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2561290/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18949023 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000194 |
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