Central retinal artery occlusion and non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy associated with an overlap syndrome: a case report

INTRODUCTION: An "overlap syndrome" is defined as the sequential appearance over time of two or more risk factors for glaucomatous damage. The appearance of a new risk factor can alter the course and prognosis of previously stable disease. Exfoliation syndrome is a leading cause of glaucoma and is associated with vascular disease. We report a case of central retinal artery occlusion and non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in a patient with overlap syndrome. CASE PRESENTATION: An 87-year-old woman with longstanding stable primary open-angle glaucoma developed bilateral exfoliation syndrome, after which her intraocular pressure became uncontrolled and her glaucomatous damage progressed rapidly. She also developed ischemic arterial events in both eyes. CONCLUSION: The case presented here shows that overlap syndromes can lead to rapid, irreversible vision impairment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of central retinal artery occlusion and non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in a patient with overlap syndrome.