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Phytochemical and genetic analyses of ancient cannabis from Central Asia
The Yanghai Tombs near Turpan, Xinjiang-Uighur Autonomous Region, China have recently been excavated to reveal the 2700-year-old grave of a Caucasoid shaman whose accoutrements included a large cache of cannabis, superbly preserved by climatic and burial conditions. A multidisciplinary international...
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Oxford University Press
2008
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2639026/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19036842 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ern260 |
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author | Russo, Ethan B. Jiang, Hong-En Li, Xiao Sutton, Alan Carboni, Andrea del Bianco, Francesca Mandolino, Giuseppe Potter, David J. Zhao, You-Xing Bera, Subir Zhang, Yong-Bing Lü, En-Guo Ferguson, David K. Hueber, Francis Zhao, Liang-Cheng Liu, Chang-Jiang Wang, Yu-Fei Li, Cheng-Sen |
author_facet | Russo, Ethan B. Jiang, Hong-En Li, Xiao Sutton, Alan Carboni, Andrea del Bianco, Francesca Mandolino, Giuseppe Potter, David J. Zhao, You-Xing Bera, Subir Zhang, Yong-Bing Lü, En-Guo Ferguson, David K. Hueber, Francis Zhao, Liang-Cheng Liu, Chang-Jiang Wang, Yu-Fei Li, Cheng-Sen |
author_sort | Russo, Ethan B. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The Yanghai Tombs near Turpan, Xinjiang-Uighur Autonomous Region, China have recently been excavated to reveal the 2700-year-old grave of a Caucasoid shaman whose accoutrements included a large cache of cannabis, superbly preserved by climatic and burial conditions. A multidisciplinary international team demonstrated through botanical examination, phytochemical investigation, and genetic deoxyribonucleic acid analysis by polymerase chain reaction that this material contained tetrahydrocannabinol, the psychoactive component of cannabis, its oxidative degradation product, cannabinol, other metabolites, and its synthetic enzyme, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase, as well as a novel genetic variant with two single nucleotide polymorphisms. The cannabis was presumably employed by this culture as a medicinal or psychoactive agent, or an aid to divination. To our knowledge, these investigations provide the oldest documentation of cannabis as a pharmacologically active agent, and contribute to the medical and archaeological record of this pre-Silk Road culture. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-2639026 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2008 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-26390262009-02-25 Phytochemical and genetic analyses of ancient cannabis from Central Asia Russo, Ethan B. Jiang, Hong-En Li, Xiao Sutton, Alan Carboni, Andrea del Bianco, Francesca Mandolino, Giuseppe Potter, David J. Zhao, You-Xing Bera, Subir Zhang, Yong-Bing Lü, En-Guo Ferguson, David K. Hueber, Francis Zhao, Liang-Cheng Liu, Chang-Jiang Wang, Yu-Fei Li, Cheng-Sen J Exp Bot Research Papers The Yanghai Tombs near Turpan, Xinjiang-Uighur Autonomous Region, China have recently been excavated to reveal the 2700-year-old grave of a Caucasoid shaman whose accoutrements included a large cache of cannabis, superbly preserved by climatic and burial conditions. A multidisciplinary international team demonstrated through botanical examination, phytochemical investigation, and genetic deoxyribonucleic acid analysis by polymerase chain reaction that this material contained tetrahydrocannabinol, the psychoactive component of cannabis, its oxidative degradation product, cannabinol, other metabolites, and its synthetic enzyme, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase, as well as a novel genetic variant with two single nucleotide polymorphisms. The cannabis was presumably employed by this culture as a medicinal or psychoactive agent, or an aid to divination. To our knowledge, these investigations provide the oldest documentation of cannabis as a pharmacologically active agent, and contribute to the medical and archaeological record of this pre-Silk Road culture. Oxford University Press 2008-11 /pmc/articles/PMC2639026/ /pubmed/19036842 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ern260 Text en © 2008 The Author(s). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This paper is available online free of all access charges (see http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/open_access.html for further details) |
spellingShingle | Research Papers Russo, Ethan B. Jiang, Hong-En Li, Xiao Sutton, Alan Carboni, Andrea del Bianco, Francesca Mandolino, Giuseppe Potter, David J. Zhao, You-Xing Bera, Subir Zhang, Yong-Bing Lü, En-Guo Ferguson, David K. Hueber, Francis Zhao, Liang-Cheng Liu, Chang-Jiang Wang, Yu-Fei Li, Cheng-Sen Phytochemical and genetic analyses of ancient cannabis from Central Asia |
title | Phytochemical and genetic analyses of ancient cannabis from Central Asia |
title_full | Phytochemical and genetic analyses of ancient cannabis from Central Asia |
title_fullStr | Phytochemical and genetic analyses of ancient cannabis from Central Asia |
title_full_unstemmed | Phytochemical and genetic analyses of ancient cannabis from Central Asia |
title_short | Phytochemical and genetic analyses of ancient cannabis from Central Asia |
title_sort | phytochemical and genetic analyses of ancient cannabis from central asia |
topic | Research Papers |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2639026/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19036842 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ern260 |
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