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The course of hepatitis E virus infection in pigs after contact-infection and intravenous inoculation
BACKGROUND: Worldwide, hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 is observed in pigs and transmission to humans is implied. To be able to estimate public health risks from e.g. contact with pigs or consumption of pork products, the transmission routes and dynamics of infection should be identified. Hence,...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2009
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2647918/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19193209 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-5-7 |
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author | Bouwknegt, Martijn Rutjes, Saskia A Reusken, Chantal BEM Stockhofe-Zurwieden, Norbert Frankena, Klaas de Jong, Mart CM de Roda Husman, Ana Maria van der Poel, Wim HM |
author_facet | Bouwknegt, Martijn Rutjes, Saskia A Reusken, Chantal BEM Stockhofe-Zurwieden, Norbert Frankena, Klaas de Jong, Mart CM de Roda Husman, Ana Maria van der Poel, Wim HM |
author_sort | Bouwknegt, Martijn |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Worldwide, hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 is observed in pigs and transmission to humans is implied. To be able to estimate public health risks from e.g. contact with pigs or consumption of pork products, the transmission routes and dynamics of infection should be identified. Hence, the course of HEV-infection in naturally infected pigs should be studied. RESULTS: To resemble natural transmission, 24 HEV-susceptible pigs were infected either by one-to-one exposure to intravenously inoculated pigs (C1-pigs; n = 10), by one-to-one exposure to contact-infected pigs (C2-pigs: n = 7; C3-pigs: n = 5) or due to an unknown non-intravenous infection route (one C2-pig and one C3-pig). The course of HEV-infection for contact-infected pigs was characterized by: faecal HEV RNA excretion that started at day 7 (95% confidence interval: 5–10) postexposure and lasted 23 (19–28) days; viremia that started after 13 (8–17) days of faecal HEV RNA excretion and lasted 11 (8–13) days; antibody development that was detected after 13 (10–16) days of faecal HEV RNA excretion. The time until onset of faecal HEV RNA excretion and onset of viremia was significantly shorter for iv-pigs compared to contact-infected pigs, whereas the duration of faecal HEV RNA excretion was significantly longer. At 28 days postinfection HEV RNA was detected less frequently in organs of contact-infected pigs compared to iv-pigs. For contact-infected pigs, HEV RNA was detected in 20 of 39 muscle samples that were proxies for pork at retail and in 4 of 7 urine samples. CONCLUSION: The course of infection differed between infection routes, suggesting that contact-infection could be a better model for natural transmission than iv inoculation. Urine and meat were identified as possible HEV-sources for pig-to-pig and pig-to-human HEV transmission. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-2647918 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2009 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-26479182009-02-26 The course of hepatitis E virus infection in pigs after contact-infection and intravenous inoculation Bouwknegt, Martijn Rutjes, Saskia A Reusken, Chantal BEM Stockhofe-Zurwieden, Norbert Frankena, Klaas de Jong, Mart CM de Roda Husman, Ana Maria van der Poel, Wim HM BMC Vet Res Research Article BACKGROUND: Worldwide, hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 is observed in pigs and transmission to humans is implied. To be able to estimate public health risks from e.g. contact with pigs or consumption of pork products, the transmission routes and dynamics of infection should be identified. Hence, the course of HEV-infection in naturally infected pigs should be studied. RESULTS: To resemble natural transmission, 24 HEV-susceptible pigs were infected either by one-to-one exposure to intravenously inoculated pigs (C1-pigs; n = 10), by one-to-one exposure to contact-infected pigs (C2-pigs: n = 7; C3-pigs: n = 5) or due to an unknown non-intravenous infection route (one C2-pig and one C3-pig). The course of HEV-infection for contact-infected pigs was characterized by: faecal HEV RNA excretion that started at day 7 (95% confidence interval: 5–10) postexposure and lasted 23 (19–28) days; viremia that started after 13 (8–17) days of faecal HEV RNA excretion and lasted 11 (8–13) days; antibody development that was detected after 13 (10–16) days of faecal HEV RNA excretion. The time until onset of faecal HEV RNA excretion and onset of viremia was significantly shorter for iv-pigs compared to contact-infected pigs, whereas the duration of faecal HEV RNA excretion was significantly longer. At 28 days postinfection HEV RNA was detected less frequently in organs of contact-infected pigs compared to iv-pigs. For contact-infected pigs, HEV RNA was detected in 20 of 39 muscle samples that were proxies for pork at retail and in 4 of 7 urine samples. CONCLUSION: The course of infection differed between infection routes, suggesting that contact-infection could be a better model for natural transmission than iv inoculation. Urine and meat were identified as possible HEV-sources for pig-to-pig and pig-to-human HEV transmission. BioMed Central 2009-02-04 /pmc/articles/PMC2647918/ /pubmed/19193209 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-5-7 Text en Copyright © 2009 Bouwknegt et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Bouwknegt, Martijn Rutjes, Saskia A Reusken, Chantal BEM Stockhofe-Zurwieden, Norbert Frankena, Klaas de Jong, Mart CM de Roda Husman, Ana Maria van der Poel, Wim HM The course of hepatitis E virus infection in pigs after contact-infection and intravenous inoculation |
title | The course of hepatitis E virus infection in pigs after contact-infection and intravenous inoculation |
title_full | The course of hepatitis E virus infection in pigs after contact-infection and intravenous inoculation |
title_fullStr | The course of hepatitis E virus infection in pigs after contact-infection and intravenous inoculation |
title_full_unstemmed | The course of hepatitis E virus infection in pigs after contact-infection and intravenous inoculation |
title_short | The course of hepatitis E virus infection in pigs after contact-infection and intravenous inoculation |
title_sort | course of hepatitis e virus infection in pigs after contact-infection and intravenous inoculation |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2647918/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19193209 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-5-7 |
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