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Medications as a Potential Source of Exposure to Phthalates in the U.S. Population
BACKGROUND: Widespread human exposure to phthalates, some of which are developmental and reproductive toxicants in experimental animals, raises concerns about potential human health risks. Underappreciated sources of exposure include phthalates in the polymers coating some oral medications. OBJECTIV...
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
2009
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2649218/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19270786 http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.11766 |
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author | Hernández-Díaz, Sonia Mitchell, Allen A. Kelley, Katherine E. Calafat, Antonia M. Hauser, Russ |
author_facet | Hernández-Díaz, Sonia Mitchell, Allen A. Kelley, Katherine E. Calafat, Antonia M. Hauser, Russ |
author_sort | Hernández-Díaz, Sonia |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Widespread human exposure to phthalates, some of which are developmental and reproductive toxicants in experimental animals, raises concerns about potential human health risks. Underappreciated sources of exposure include phthalates in the polymers coating some oral medications. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether users of phthalate-containing medications have higher urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites than do nonusers. METHODS: We used publically available files from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for the years 1999–2004. For certain survey periods, participants were asked to recall use of prescription medication during the past 30 days, and for a subsample of individuals, the urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites were measured. We a priori identified medications potentially containing phthalates as inactive ingredients and then compared the mean urinary concentration of phthalate metabolites between users and nonusers of those medications. RESULTS: Of the 7,999 persons with information on urinary phthalate concentrations, 6 reported using mesalamine formulations, some of which may include dibutyl phthalate (DBP); the mean urinary concentration of monobutyl phthalate, the main DBP metabolite, among these mesalamine users was 50 times higher than the mean for nonusers (2,257 μg/L vs. 46 μg/L; p < 0.0001). Users of didanosine, omeprazole, and theophylline products, some of which may contain diethyl phthalate (DEP), had mean urinary concentrations of monoethyl phthalate, the main DEP metabolite, significantly higher than the mean for nonusers. CONCLUSION: Select medications might be a source of high exposure to some phthalates, one of which, DBP, shows adverse developmental and reproductive effects in laboratory animals. These results raise concern about potential human health risks, specifically among vulnerable segments of the general population and particularly pregnant women and children. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-2649218 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2009 |
publisher | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-26492182009-03-06 Medications as a Potential Source of Exposure to Phthalates in the U.S. Population Hernández-Díaz, Sonia Mitchell, Allen A. Kelley, Katherine E. Calafat, Antonia M. Hauser, Russ Environ Health Perspect Research BACKGROUND: Widespread human exposure to phthalates, some of which are developmental and reproductive toxicants in experimental animals, raises concerns about potential human health risks. Underappreciated sources of exposure include phthalates in the polymers coating some oral medications. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether users of phthalate-containing medications have higher urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites than do nonusers. METHODS: We used publically available files from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for the years 1999–2004. For certain survey periods, participants were asked to recall use of prescription medication during the past 30 days, and for a subsample of individuals, the urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites were measured. We a priori identified medications potentially containing phthalates as inactive ingredients and then compared the mean urinary concentration of phthalate metabolites between users and nonusers of those medications. RESULTS: Of the 7,999 persons with information on urinary phthalate concentrations, 6 reported using mesalamine formulations, some of which may include dibutyl phthalate (DBP); the mean urinary concentration of monobutyl phthalate, the main DBP metabolite, among these mesalamine users was 50 times higher than the mean for nonusers (2,257 μg/L vs. 46 μg/L; p < 0.0001). Users of didanosine, omeprazole, and theophylline products, some of which may contain diethyl phthalate (DEP), had mean urinary concentrations of monoethyl phthalate, the main DEP metabolite, significantly higher than the mean for nonusers. CONCLUSION: Select medications might be a source of high exposure to some phthalates, one of which, DBP, shows adverse developmental and reproductive effects in laboratory animals. These results raise concern about potential human health risks, specifically among vulnerable segments of the general population and particularly pregnant women and children. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 2009-02 2008-10-07 /pmc/articles/PMC2649218/ /pubmed/19270786 http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.11766 Text en http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Publication of EHP lies in the public domain and is therefore without copyright. All text from EHP may be reprinted freely. Use of materials published in EHP should be acknowledged (for example, ?Reproduced with permission from Environmental Health Perspectives?); pertinent reference information should be provided for the article from which the material was reproduced. Articles from EHP, especially the News section, may contain photographs or illustrations copyrighted by other commercial organizations or individuals that may not be used without obtaining prior approval from the holder of the copyright. |
spellingShingle | Research Hernández-Díaz, Sonia Mitchell, Allen A. Kelley, Katherine E. Calafat, Antonia M. Hauser, Russ Medications as a Potential Source of Exposure to Phthalates in the U.S. Population |
title | Medications as a Potential Source of Exposure to Phthalates in the U.S. Population |
title_full | Medications as a Potential Source of Exposure to Phthalates in the U.S. Population |
title_fullStr | Medications as a Potential Source of Exposure to Phthalates in the U.S. Population |
title_full_unstemmed | Medications as a Potential Source of Exposure to Phthalates in the U.S. Population |
title_short | Medications as a Potential Source of Exposure to Phthalates in the U.S. Population |
title_sort | medications as a potential source of exposure to phthalates in the u.s. population |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2649218/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19270786 http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.11766 |
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