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Panic Disorder: Is the PAG Involved?
Data from studies with humans have suggested that abnormalities of midbrain structures, including the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG), could be involved in the neurobiology of panic disorder (PD). The electrical stimulation of the PAG in neurosurgical patients induces panic-like symptoms and the ef...
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2009
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2654309/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19283082 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/108135 |
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author | Del-Ben, Cristina Marta Graeff, Frederico Guilherme |
author_facet | Del-Ben, Cristina Marta Graeff, Frederico Guilherme |
author_sort | Del-Ben, Cristina Marta |
collection | PubMed |
description | Data from studies with humans have suggested that abnormalities of midbrain structures, including the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG), could be involved in the neurobiology of panic disorder (PD). The electrical stimulation of the PAG in neurosurgical patients induces panic-like symptoms and the effect of drugs that are effective in the treatment of PD in the simulation of public speaking model of anxiety is in agreement with data from animal models of PD. Structural neuroimaging studies have shown increases in gray matter volume of midbrain and pons of PD patients. There is also evidence of lower serotonin transporter and receptor binding, and increases of metabolism in the midbrain of PD patients. Nevertheless, these midbrain abnormalities can not be considered as specific findings, since neuroimaging data indicate that PD patients have abnormalities in other brain structures that process fear and anxiety. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-2654309 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2009 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-26543092009-03-12 Panic Disorder: Is the PAG Involved? Del-Ben, Cristina Marta Graeff, Frederico Guilherme Neural Plast Review Article Data from studies with humans have suggested that abnormalities of midbrain structures, including the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG), could be involved in the neurobiology of panic disorder (PD). The electrical stimulation of the PAG in neurosurgical patients induces panic-like symptoms and the effect of drugs that are effective in the treatment of PD in the simulation of public speaking model of anxiety is in agreement with data from animal models of PD. Structural neuroimaging studies have shown increases in gray matter volume of midbrain and pons of PD patients. There is also evidence of lower serotonin transporter and receptor binding, and increases of metabolism in the midbrain of PD patients. Nevertheless, these midbrain abnormalities can not be considered as specific findings, since neuroimaging data indicate that PD patients have abnormalities in other brain structures that process fear and anxiety. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2009 2009-03-10 /pmc/articles/PMC2654309/ /pubmed/19283082 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/108135 Text en Copyright © 2009 C. M. Del-Ben and F. G. Graeff. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Del-Ben, Cristina Marta Graeff, Frederico Guilherme Panic Disorder: Is the PAG Involved? |
title | Panic Disorder: Is the PAG Involved? |
title_full | Panic Disorder: Is the PAG Involved? |
title_fullStr | Panic Disorder: Is the PAG Involved? |
title_full_unstemmed | Panic Disorder: Is the PAG Involved? |
title_short | Panic Disorder: Is the PAG Involved? |
title_sort | panic disorder: is the pag involved? |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2654309/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19283082 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/108135 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT delbencristinamarta panicdisorderisthepaginvolved AT graefffredericoguilherme panicdisorderisthepaginvolved |