Cargando…

Validation of 2006 WHO Prediction Scores for True HIV Infection in Children Less than 18 Months with a Positive Serological HIV Test

INTRODUCTION: All infants born to HIV-positive mothers have maternal HIV antibodies, sometimes persistent for 18 months. When Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is not available, August 2006 World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations suggest that clinical criteria may be used for starting antiretr...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Peltier, Cécile Alexandra, Omes, Christine, Ndimubanzi, Patrick Cyaga, Ndayisaba, Gilles François, Stulac, Sara, Arendt, Vic, Courteille, Olivier, Muganga, Narcisse, Kayumba, Kizito, Van den Ende, Jef
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2009
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2669178/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19390690
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0005312
_version_ 1782166240421216256
author Peltier, Cécile Alexandra
Omes, Christine
Ndimubanzi, Patrick Cyaga
Ndayisaba, Gilles François
Stulac, Sara
Arendt, Vic
Courteille, Olivier
Muganga, Narcisse
Kayumba, Kizito
Van den Ende, Jef
author_facet Peltier, Cécile Alexandra
Omes, Christine
Ndimubanzi, Patrick Cyaga
Ndayisaba, Gilles François
Stulac, Sara
Arendt, Vic
Courteille, Olivier
Muganga, Narcisse
Kayumba, Kizito
Van den Ende, Jef
author_sort Peltier, Cécile Alexandra
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: All infants born to HIV-positive mothers have maternal HIV antibodies, sometimes persistent for 18 months. When Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is not available, August 2006 World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations suggest that clinical criteria may be used for starting antiretroviral treatment (ART) in HIV seropositive children <18 months. Predictors are at least two out of sepsis, severe pneumonia and thrush, or any stage 4 defining clinical finding according to the WHO staging system. METHODS AND RESULTS: From January 2005 to October 2006, we conducted a prospective study on 236 hospitalized children <18 months old with a positive HIV serological test at the national reference hospital in Kigali. The following data were collected: PCR, clinical signs and CD4 cell count. Current proposed clinical criteria were present in 148 of 236 children (62.7%) and in 95 of 124 infected children, resulting in 76.6% sensitivity and 52.7% specificity. For 87 children (59.0%), clinical diagnosis was made based on severe unexplained malnutrition (stage 4 clinical WHO classification), of whom only 44 (50.5%) were PCR positive. Low CD4 count had a sensitivity of 55.6% and a specificity of 78.5%. CONCLUSION: As PCR is not yet widely available, clinical diagnosis is often necessary, but these criteria have poor specificity and therefore have limited use for HIV diagnosis. Unexplained malnutrition is not clearly enough defined in WHO recommendations. Extra pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), almost impossible to prove in young children, may often be the cause of malnutrition, especially in HIV-affected families more often exposed to TB. Food supplementation and TB treatment should be initiated before starting ART in children who are staged based only on severe malnutrition.
format Text
id pubmed-2669178
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2009
publisher Public Library of Science
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-26691782009-04-24 Validation of 2006 WHO Prediction Scores for True HIV Infection in Children Less than 18 Months with a Positive Serological HIV Test Peltier, Cécile Alexandra Omes, Christine Ndimubanzi, Patrick Cyaga Ndayisaba, Gilles François Stulac, Sara Arendt, Vic Courteille, Olivier Muganga, Narcisse Kayumba, Kizito Van den Ende, Jef PLoS One Research Article INTRODUCTION: All infants born to HIV-positive mothers have maternal HIV antibodies, sometimes persistent for 18 months. When Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is not available, August 2006 World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations suggest that clinical criteria may be used for starting antiretroviral treatment (ART) in HIV seropositive children <18 months. Predictors are at least two out of sepsis, severe pneumonia and thrush, or any stage 4 defining clinical finding according to the WHO staging system. METHODS AND RESULTS: From January 2005 to October 2006, we conducted a prospective study on 236 hospitalized children <18 months old with a positive HIV serological test at the national reference hospital in Kigali. The following data were collected: PCR, clinical signs and CD4 cell count. Current proposed clinical criteria were present in 148 of 236 children (62.7%) and in 95 of 124 infected children, resulting in 76.6% sensitivity and 52.7% specificity. For 87 children (59.0%), clinical diagnosis was made based on severe unexplained malnutrition (stage 4 clinical WHO classification), of whom only 44 (50.5%) were PCR positive. Low CD4 count had a sensitivity of 55.6% and a specificity of 78.5%. CONCLUSION: As PCR is not yet widely available, clinical diagnosis is often necessary, but these criteria have poor specificity and therefore have limited use for HIV diagnosis. Unexplained malnutrition is not clearly enough defined in WHO recommendations. Extra pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), almost impossible to prove in young children, may often be the cause of malnutrition, especially in HIV-affected families more often exposed to TB. Food supplementation and TB treatment should be initiated before starting ART in children who are staged based only on severe malnutrition. Public Library of Science 2009-04-24 /pmc/articles/PMC2669178/ /pubmed/19390690 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0005312 Text en Peltier et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Peltier, Cécile Alexandra
Omes, Christine
Ndimubanzi, Patrick Cyaga
Ndayisaba, Gilles François
Stulac, Sara
Arendt, Vic
Courteille, Olivier
Muganga, Narcisse
Kayumba, Kizito
Van den Ende, Jef
Validation of 2006 WHO Prediction Scores for True HIV Infection in Children Less than 18 Months with a Positive Serological HIV Test
title Validation of 2006 WHO Prediction Scores for True HIV Infection in Children Less than 18 Months with a Positive Serological HIV Test
title_full Validation of 2006 WHO Prediction Scores for True HIV Infection in Children Less than 18 Months with a Positive Serological HIV Test
title_fullStr Validation of 2006 WHO Prediction Scores for True HIV Infection in Children Less than 18 Months with a Positive Serological HIV Test
title_full_unstemmed Validation of 2006 WHO Prediction Scores for True HIV Infection in Children Less than 18 Months with a Positive Serological HIV Test
title_short Validation of 2006 WHO Prediction Scores for True HIV Infection in Children Less than 18 Months with a Positive Serological HIV Test
title_sort validation of 2006 who prediction scores for true hiv infection in children less than 18 months with a positive serological hiv test
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2669178/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19390690
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0005312
work_keys_str_mv AT peltiercecilealexandra validationof2006whopredictionscoresfortruehivinfectioninchildrenlessthan18monthswithapositiveserologicalhivtest
AT omeschristine validationof2006whopredictionscoresfortruehivinfectioninchildrenlessthan18monthswithapositiveserologicalhivtest
AT ndimubanzipatrickcyaga validationof2006whopredictionscoresfortruehivinfectioninchildrenlessthan18monthswithapositiveserologicalhivtest
AT ndayisabagillesfrancois validationof2006whopredictionscoresfortruehivinfectioninchildrenlessthan18monthswithapositiveserologicalhivtest
AT stulacsara validationof2006whopredictionscoresfortruehivinfectioninchildrenlessthan18monthswithapositiveserologicalhivtest
AT arendtvic validationof2006whopredictionscoresfortruehivinfectioninchildrenlessthan18monthswithapositiveserologicalhivtest
AT courteilleolivier validationof2006whopredictionscoresfortruehivinfectioninchildrenlessthan18monthswithapositiveserologicalhivtest
AT muganganarcisse validationof2006whopredictionscoresfortruehivinfectioninchildrenlessthan18monthswithapositiveserologicalhivtest
AT kayumbakizito validationof2006whopredictionscoresfortruehivinfectioninchildrenlessthan18monthswithapositiveserologicalhivtest
AT vandenendejef validationof2006whopredictionscoresfortruehivinfectioninchildrenlessthan18monthswithapositiveserologicalhivtest