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Pharmacological Treatment for Pregnant Women who Smoke Cigarettes
Smoking has been associated with several concerns in pregnancy including miscarriage, preterm delivery and stillbirth. Unfortunately, approximately 12% of the pregnant population continue to smoke cigarettes, suggesting a need for additional therapy beyond behavioural change. This paper reviews the...
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2003
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2669555/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1617-9625-1-15 |
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author | Chan, BC Koren, G |
author_facet | Chan, BC Koren, G |
author_sort | Chan, BC |
collection | PubMed |
description | Smoking has been associated with several concerns in pregnancy including miscarriage, preterm delivery and stillbirth. Unfortunately, approximately 12% of the pregnant population continue to smoke cigarettes, suggesting a need for additional therapy beyond behavioural change. This paper reviews the literature on the use of nicotine replacement therapy and bupropion (Zyban(®)) in the pregnant human population, the pharmacokinetics of nicotine in the pregnant woman, and current guidelines for smoking cessation for pregnant patients. There are currently four studies that have investigated the use of nicotine patch, three for nicotine gum, and registry and preliminary reports for bupropion. These studies did not show any adverse pregnancy outcomes with the use of pharmacological aid for smoking cessation. All the nicotine replacement therapy studies, with the exception of one randomized-controlled nicotine patch trial had small sample sizes and looked at short-term use of drug in the third trimester. Two studies have examined the pharmacokinetics of nicotine in the pregnant woman. The results from these studies reveal greater nicotine metabolism in pregnant individuals who continue to smoke during pregnancy. Current guidelines from several organizations uniformly recommend that Nicotine Replacement Therapy should be considered if non-pharmacological therapies have been unsuccessful. Bupropion is recommended in pregnancy if the benefits outweigh the risks. There is a need for further studies on the safety and effectiveness of Nicotine Replacement therapy and bupropion in pregnancy. However, considering the current research and guidelines, pharmacological cessation aids should be considered if non-pharmacological therapies have not been effective. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-2669555 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2003 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-26695552009-04-16 Pharmacological Treatment for Pregnant Women who Smoke Cigarettes Chan, BC Koren, G Tob Induc Dis Review Smoking has been associated with several concerns in pregnancy including miscarriage, preterm delivery and stillbirth. Unfortunately, approximately 12% of the pregnant population continue to smoke cigarettes, suggesting a need for additional therapy beyond behavioural change. This paper reviews the literature on the use of nicotine replacement therapy and bupropion (Zyban(®)) in the pregnant human population, the pharmacokinetics of nicotine in the pregnant woman, and current guidelines for smoking cessation for pregnant patients. There are currently four studies that have investigated the use of nicotine patch, three for nicotine gum, and registry and preliminary reports for bupropion. These studies did not show any adverse pregnancy outcomes with the use of pharmacological aid for smoking cessation. All the nicotine replacement therapy studies, with the exception of one randomized-controlled nicotine patch trial had small sample sizes and looked at short-term use of drug in the third trimester. Two studies have examined the pharmacokinetics of nicotine in the pregnant woman. The results from these studies reveal greater nicotine metabolism in pregnant individuals who continue to smoke during pregnancy. Current guidelines from several organizations uniformly recommend that Nicotine Replacement Therapy should be considered if non-pharmacological therapies have been unsuccessful. Bupropion is recommended in pregnancy if the benefits outweigh the risks. There is a need for further studies on the safety and effectiveness of Nicotine Replacement therapy and bupropion in pregnancy. However, considering the current research and guidelines, pharmacological cessation aids should be considered if non-pharmacological therapies have not been effective. BioMed Central 2003-09-15 /pmc/articles/PMC2669555/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1617-9625-1-15 Text en Copyright © 2003 Chan and Koren; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Chan, BC Koren, G Pharmacological Treatment for Pregnant Women who Smoke Cigarettes |
title | Pharmacological Treatment for Pregnant Women who Smoke Cigarettes |
title_full | Pharmacological Treatment for Pregnant Women who Smoke Cigarettes |
title_fullStr | Pharmacological Treatment for Pregnant Women who Smoke Cigarettes |
title_full_unstemmed | Pharmacological Treatment for Pregnant Women who Smoke Cigarettes |
title_short | Pharmacological Treatment for Pregnant Women who Smoke Cigarettes |
title_sort | pharmacological treatment for pregnant women who smoke cigarettes |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2669555/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1617-9625-1-15 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT chanbc pharmacologicaltreatmentforpregnantwomenwhosmokecigarettes AT koreng pharmacologicaltreatmentforpregnantwomenwhosmokecigarettes |