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Bos taurus genome sequence reveals the assortment of immunoglobulin and surrogate light chain genes in domestic cattle
BACKGROUND: The assortment of cattle immunoglobulin and surrogate light chain genes has been extracted from the version 3.1 of Bos taurus genome sequence as a part of an international effort to sequence and annotate the bovine genome. RESULTS: 63 variable lambda chain and 22 variable kappa chain gen...
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2009
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2686674/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19405939 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2172-10-22 |
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author | Ekman, Anna Niku, Mikael Liljavirta, Jenni Iivanainen, Antti |
author_facet | Ekman, Anna Niku, Mikael Liljavirta, Jenni Iivanainen, Antti |
author_sort | Ekman, Anna |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The assortment of cattle immunoglobulin and surrogate light chain genes has been extracted from the version 3.1 of Bos taurus genome sequence as a part of an international effort to sequence and annotate the bovine genome. RESULTS: 63 variable lambda chain and 22 variable kappa chain genes were identified and phylogenetically assigned to 8 and 4 subgroups, respectively. The specified phylogenetic relationships are compatible with the established ruminant light chain variable gene families or subgroups. Because of gaps and uncertainties in the assembled genome sequence, the number of genes might change in the future versions of the genome sequence. In addition, three bovine surrogate light chain genes were identified. The corresponding cDNAs were cloned and the expression of the surrogate light chain genes was demonstrated from fetal material. CONCLUSION: The bovine kappa gene locus is compact and simple which may reflect the preferential use of the lambda chain in cattle. The relative orientation of variable and joining genes in both loci are consistent with a deletion mechanism in VJ joining. The orientation of some variable genes cannot be determined from the data available. The number of functional variable genes is moderate when compared to man or mouse. Thus, post-recombinatorial mechanisms might contribute to the generation of the bovine pre-immune antibody repertoire. The heavy chains probably contribute more to recombinational immunoglobulin repertoire diversity than the light chains but the heavy chain locus could not be annotated from the version 3.1 of Bos taurus genome. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-2686674 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2009 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-26866742009-05-27 Bos taurus genome sequence reveals the assortment of immunoglobulin and surrogate light chain genes in domestic cattle Ekman, Anna Niku, Mikael Liljavirta, Jenni Iivanainen, Antti BMC Immunol Research Article BACKGROUND: The assortment of cattle immunoglobulin and surrogate light chain genes has been extracted from the version 3.1 of Bos taurus genome sequence as a part of an international effort to sequence and annotate the bovine genome. RESULTS: 63 variable lambda chain and 22 variable kappa chain genes were identified and phylogenetically assigned to 8 and 4 subgroups, respectively. The specified phylogenetic relationships are compatible with the established ruminant light chain variable gene families or subgroups. Because of gaps and uncertainties in the assembled genome sequence, the number of genes might change in the future versions of the genome sequence. In addition, three bovine surrogate light chain genes were identified. The corresponding cDNAs were cloned and the expression of the surrogate light chain genes was demonstrated from fetal material. CONCLUSION: The bovine kappa gene locus is compact and simple which may reflect the preferential use of the lambda chain in cattle. The relative orientation of variable and joining genes in both loci are consistent with a deletion mechanism in VJ joining. The orientation of some variable genes cannot be determined from the data available. The number of functional variable genes is moderate when compared to man or mouse. Thus, post-recombinatorial mechanisms might contribute to the generation of the bovine pre-immune antibody repertoire. The heavy chains probably contribute more to recombinational immunoglobulin repertoire diversity than the light chains but the heavy chain locus could not be annotated from the version 3.1 of Bos taurus genome. BioMed Central 2009-04-30 /pmc/articles/PMC2686674/ /pubmed/19405939 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2172-10-22 Text en Copyright © 2009 Ekman et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Ekman, Anna Niku, Mikael Liljavirta, Jenni Iivanainen, Antti Bos taurus genome sequence reveals the assortment of immunoglobulin and surrogate light chain genes in domestic cattle |
title | Bos taurus genome sequence reveals the assortment of immunoglobulin and surrogate light chain genes in domestic cattle |
title_full | Bos taurus genome sequence reveals the assortment of immunoglobulin and surrogate light chain genes in domestic cattle |
title_fullStr | Bos taurus genome sequence reveals the assortment of immunoglobulin and surrogate light chain genes in domestic cattle |
title_full_unstemmed | Bos taurus genome sequence reveals the assortment of immunoglobulin and surrogate light chain genes in domestic cattle |
title_short | Bos taurus genome sequence reveals the assortment of immunoglobulin and surrogate light chain genes in domestic cattle |
title_sort | bos taurus genome sequence reveals the assortment of immunoglobulin and surrogate light chain genes in domestic cattle |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2686674/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19405939 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2172-10-22 |
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