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Characterization of Vitis vinifera NPR1 homologs involved in the regulation of Pathogenesis-Related gene expression

BACKGROUND: Grapevine protection against diseases needs alternative strategies to the use of phytochemicals, implying a thorough knowledge of innate defense mechanisms. However, signalling pathways and regulatory elements leading to induction of defense responses have yet to be characterized in this...

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Autores principales: Le Henanff, Gaëlle, Heitz, Thierry, Mestre, Pere, Mutterer, Jerôme, Walter, Bernard, Chong, Julie
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2009
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2686700/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19432948
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-9-54
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author Le Henanff, Gaëlle
Heitz, Thierry
Mestre, Pere
Mutterer, Jerôme
Walter, Bernard
Chong, Julie
author_facet Le Henanff, Gaëlle
Heitz, Thierry
Mestre, Pere
Mutterer, Jerôme
Walter, Bernard
Chong, Julie
author_sort Le Henanff, Gaëlle
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Grapevine protection against diseases needs alternative strategies to the use of phytochemicals, implying a thorough knowledge of innate defense mechanisms. However, signalling pathways and regulatory elements leading to induction of defense responses have yet to be characterized in this species. In order to study defense response signalling to pathogens in Vitis vinifera, we took advantage of its recently completed genome sequence to characterize two putative orthologs of NPR1, a key player in salicylic acid (SA)-mediated resistance to biotrophic pathogens in Arabidopsis thaliana. RESULTS: Two cDNAs named VvNPR1.1 and VvNPR1.2 were isolated from Vitis vinifera cv Chardonnay, encoding proteins showing 55% and 40% identity to Arabidopsis NPR1 respectively. Constitutive expression of VvNPR1.1 and VvNPR1.2 monitored in leaves of V. vinifera cv Chardonnay was found to be enhanced by treatment with benzothiadiazole, a SA analog. In contrast, VvNPR1.1 and VvNPR1.2 transcript levels were not affected during infection of resistant Vitis riparia or susceptible V. vinifera with Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of downy mildew, suggesting regulation of VvNPR1 activity at the protein level. VvNPR1.1-GFP and VvNPR1.2-GFP fusion proteins were transiently expressed by agroinfiltration in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, where they localized predominantly to the nucleus. In this system, VvNPR1.1 and VvNPR1.2 expression was sufficient to trigger the accumulation of acidic SA-dependent Pathogenesis-Related proteins PR1 and PR2, but not of basic chitinases (PR3) in the absence of pathogen infection. Interestingly, when VvNPR1.1 or AtNPR1 were transiently overexpressed in Vitis vinifera leaves, the induction of grapevine PR1 was significantly enhanced in response to P. viticola. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our data identified grapevine homologs of NPR1, and their functional analysis showed that VvNPR1.1 and VvNPR1.2 likely control the expression of SA-dependent defense genes. Overexpression of VvNPR1 has thus the potential to enhance grapevine defensive capabilities upon fungal infection. As a consequence, manipulating VvNPR1 and other signalling elements could open ways to strengthen disease resistance mechanisms in this crop species.
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spelling pubmed-26867002009-05-27 Characterization of Vitis vinifera NPR1 homologs involved in the regulation of Pathogenesis-Related gene expression Le Henanff, Gaëlle Heitz, Thierry Mestre, Pere Mutterer, Jerôme Walter, Bernard Chong, Julie BMC Plant Biol Research Article BACKGROUND: Grapevine protection against diseases needs alternative strategies to the use of phytochemicals, implying a thorough knowledge of innate defense mechanisms. However, signalling pathways and regulatory elements leading to induction of defense responses have yet to be characterized in this species. In order to study defense response signalling to pathogens in Vitis vinifera, we took advantage of its recently completed genome sequence to characterize two putative orthologs of NPR1, a key player in salicylic acid (SA)-mediated resistance to biotrophic pathogens in Arabidopsis thaliana. RESULTS: Two cDNAs named VvNPR1.1 and VvNPR1.2 were isolated from Vitis vinifera cv Chardonnay, encoding proteins showing 55% and 40% identity to Arabidopsis NPR1 respectively. Constitutive expression of VvNPR1.1 and VvNPR1.2 monitored in leaves of V. vinifera cv Chardonnay was found to be enhanced by treatment with benzothiadiazole, a SA analog. In contrast, VvNPR1.1 and VvNPR1.2 transcript levels were not affected during infection of resistant Vitis riparia or susceptible V. vinifera with Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of downy mildew, suggesting regulation of VvNPR1 activity at the protein level. VvNPR1.1-GFP and VvNPR1.2-GFP fusion proteins were transiently expressed by agroinfiltration in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, where they localized predominantly to the nucleus. In this system, VvNPR1.1 and VvNPR1.2 expression was sufficient to trigger the accumulation of acidic SA-dependent Pathogenesis-Related proteins PR1 and PR2, but not of basic chitinases (PR3) in the absence of pathogen infection. Interestingly, when VvNPR1.1 or AtNPR1 were transiently overexpressed in Vitis vinifera leaves, the induction of grapevine PR1 was significantly enhanced in response to P. viticola. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our data identified grapevine homologs of NPR1, and their functional analysis showed that VvNPR1.1 and VvNPR1.2 likely control the expression of SA-dependent defense genes. Overexpression of VvNPR1 has thus the potential to enhance grapevine defensive capabilities upon fungal infection. As a consequence, manipulating VvNPR1 and other signalling elements could open ways to strengthen disease resistance mechanisms in this crop species. BioMed Central 2009-05-11 /pmc/articles/PMC2686700/ /pubmed/19432948 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-9-54 Text en Copyright © 2009 Le Henanff et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Le Henanff, Gaëlle
Heitz, Thierry
Mestre, Pere
Mutterer, Jerôme
Walter, Bernard
Chong, Julie
Characterization of Vitis vinifera NPR1 homologs involved in the regulation of Pathogenesis-Related gene expression
title Characterization of Vitis vinifera NPR1 homologs involved in the regulation of Pathogenesis-Related gene expression
title_full Characterization of Vitis vinifera NPR1 homologs involved in the regulation of Pathogenesis-Related gene expression
title_fullStr Characterization of Vitis vinifera NPR1 homologs involved in the regulation of Pathogenesis-Related gene expression
title_full_unstemmed Characterization of Vitis vinifera NPR1 homologs involved in the regulation of Pathogenesis-Related gene expression
title_short Characterization of Vitis vinifera NPR1 homologs involved in the regulation of Pathogenesis-Related gene expression
title_sort characterization of vitis vinifera npr1 homologs involved in the regulation of pathogenesis-related gene expression
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2686700/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19432948
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-9-54
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