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LPS-Induced Genes in Intestinal Tissue of the Sea Cucumber Holothuria glaberrima
Metazoan immunity is mainly associated with specialized cells that are directly involved with the immune response. Nevertheless, both in vertebrates and invertebrates other organs might respond to immune activation and participate either directly or indirectly in the ongoing immune process. However,...
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Public Library of Science
2009
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2702171/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19584914 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0006178 |
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author | Ramírez-Gómez, Francisco Ortiz-Pineda, Pablo A. Rivera-Cardona, Gabriela García-Arrarás, José E. |
author_facet | Ramírez-Gómez, Francisco Ortiz-Pineda, Pablo A. Rivera-Cardona, Gabriela García-Arrarás, José E. |
author_sort | Ramírez-Gómez, Francisco |
collection | PubMed |
description | Metazoan immunity is mainly associated with specialized cells that are directly involved with the immune response. Nevertheless, both in vertebrates and invertebrates other organs might respond to immune activation and participate either directly or indirectly in the ongoing immune process. However, most of what is known about invertebrate immunity has been restricted to immune effector cells and little information is available on the immune responses of other tissues or organs. We now focus on the immune reactions of the intestinal tissue of an echinoderm. Our study employs a non-conventional model, the echinoderm Holothuria glaberrima, to identify intestinal molecules expressed after an immune challenge presented by an intra-coelomic injection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The expression profiles of intestinal genes expressed differentially between LPS-injected animals and control sea water-injected animals were determined using a custom-made Agilent microarray with 7209 sea cucumber intestinal ESTs. Fifty (50) unique sequences were found to be differentially expressed in the intestine of LPS-treated sea cucumbers. Seven (7) of these sequences represented homologues of known proteins, while the remaining (43) had no significant similarity with any protein, EST or RNA database. The known sequences corresponded to cytoskeletal proteins (Actin and alpha-actinin), metabolic enzymes (GAPDH, Ahcy and Gnmt), metal ion transport/metabolism (major yolk protein) and defense/recognition (fibrinogen-like protein). The expression pattern of 11 genes was validated using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Nine of these corroborated the microarray results and the remaining two showed a similar trend but without statistical significance. Our results show some of the molecular events by which the holothurian intestine responds to an immune challenge and provide important information to the study of the evolution of the immune response. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-2702171 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2009 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-27021712009-07-08 LPS-Induced Genes in Intestinal Tissue of the Sea Cucumber Holothuria glaberrima Ramírez-Gómez, Francisco Ortiz-Pineda, Pablo A. Rivera-Cardona, Gabriela García-Arrarás, José E. PLoS One Research Article Metazoan immunity is mainly associated with specialized cells that are directly involved with the immune response. Nevertheless, both in vertebrates and invertebrates other organs might respond to immune activation and participate either directly or indirectly in the ongoing immune process. However, most of what is known about invertebrate immunity has been restricted to immune effector cells and little information is available on the immune responses of other tissues or organs. We now focus on the immune reactions of the intestinal tissue of an echinoderm. Our study employs a non-conventional model, the echinoderm Holothuria glaberrima, to identify intestinal molecules expressed after an immune challenge presented by an intra-coelomic injection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The expression profiles of intestinal genes expressed differentially between LPS-injected animals and control sea water-injected animals were determined using a custom-made Agilent microarray with 7209 sea cucumber intestinal ESTs. Fifty (50) unique sequences were found to be differentially expressed in the intestine of LPS-treated sea cucumbers. Seven (7) of these sequences represented homologues of known proteins, while the remaining (43) had no significant similarity with any protein, EST or RNA database. The known sequences corresponded to cytoskeletal proteins (Actin and alpha-actinin), metabolic enzymes (GAPDH, Ahcy and Gnmt), metal ion transport/metabolism (major yolk protein) and defense/recognition (fibrinogen-like protein). The expression pattern of 11 genes was validated using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Nine of these corroborated the microarray results and the remaining two showed a similar trend but without statistical significance. Our results show some of the molecular events by which the holothurian intestine responds to an immune challenge and provide important information to the study of the evolution of the immune response. Public Library of Science 2009-07-08 /pmc/articles/PMC2702171/ /pubmed/19584914 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0006178 Text en Ramírez-Gómez et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Ramírez-Gómez, Francisco Ortiz-Pineda, Pablo A. Rivera-Cardona, Gabriela García-Arrarás, José E. LPS-Induced Genes in Intestinal Tissue of the Sea Cucumber Holothuria glaberrima |
title | LPS-Induced Genes in Intestinal Tissue of the Sea Cucumber Holothuria glaberrima
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title_full | LPS-Induced Genes in Intestinal Tissue of the Sea Cucumber Holothuria glaberrima
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title_fullStr | LPS-Induced Genes in Intestinal Tissue of the Sea Cucumber Holothuria glaberrima
|
title_full_unstemmed | LPS-Induced Genes in Intestinal Tissue of the Sea Cucumber Holothuria glaberrima
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title_short | LPS-Induced Genes in Intestinal Tissue of the Sea Cucumber Holothuria glaberrima
|
title_sort | lps-induced genes in intestinal tissue of the sea cucumber holothuria glaberrima |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2702171/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19584914 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0006178 |
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