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Policies, Political-Economy, and Swidden in Southeast Asia
For centuries swidden was an important farming practice found across the girth of Southeast Asia. Today, however, these systems are changing and sometimes disappearing at a pace never before experienced. In order to explain the demise or transitioning of swidden we need to understand the rapid and m...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer US
2009
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2709851/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19609457 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10745-009-9240-7 |
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author | Fox, Jefferson Fujita, Yayoi Ngidang, Dimbab Peluso, Nancy Potter, Lesley Sakuntaladewi, Niken Sturgeon, Janet Thomas, David |
author_facet | Fox, Jefferson Fujita, Yayoi Ngidang, Dimbab Peluso, Nancy Potter, Lesley Sakuntaladewi, Niken Sturgeon, Janet Thomas, David |
author_sort | Fox, Jefferson |
collection | PubMed |
description | For centuries swidden was an important farming practice found across the girth of Southeast Asia. Today, however, these systems are changing and sometimes disappearing at a pace never before experienced. In order to explain the demise or transitioning of swidden we need to understand the rapid and massive changes that have and are occurring in the political and economic environment in which these farmers operate. Swidden farming has always been characterized by change, but since the onset of modern independent nation states, governments and markets in Southeast Asia have transformed the terms of swiddeners’ everyday lives to a degree that is significantly different from that ever experienced before. In this paper we identified six factors that have contributed to the demise or transformation of swidden systems, and support these arguments with examples from China (Xishuangbanna), Laos, Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. These trends include classifying swiddeners as ethnic minorities within nation-states, dividing the landscape into forest and permanent agriculture, expansion of forest departments and the rise of conservation, resettlement, privatization and commoditization of land and land-based production, and expansion of market infrastructure and the promotion of industrial agriculture. In addition we note a growing trend toward a transition from rural to urban livelihoods and expanding urban-labor markets. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-2709851 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2009 |
publisher | Springer US |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-27098512009-07-15 Policies, Political-Economy, and Swidden in Southeast Asia Fox, Jefferson Fujita, Yayoi Ngidang, Dimbab Peluso, Nancy Potter, Lesley Sakuntaladewi, Niken Sturgeon, Janet Thomas, David Hum Ecol Interdiscip J Article For centuries swidden was an important farming practice found across the girth of Southeast Asia. Today, however, these systems are changing and sometimes disappearing at a pace never before experienced. In order to explain the demise or transitioning of swidden we need to understand the rapid and massive changes that have and are occurring in the political and economic environment in which these farmers operate. Swidden farming has always been characterized by change, but since the onset of modern independent nation states, governments and markets in Southeast Asia have transformed the terms of swiddeners’ everyday lives to a degree that is significantly different from that ever experienced before. In this paper we identified six factors that have contributed to the demise or transformation of swidden systems, and support these arguments with examples from China (Xishuangbanna), Laos, Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. These trends include classifying swiddeners as ethnic minorities within nation-states, dividing the landscape into forest and permanent agriculture, expansion of forest departments and the rise of conservation, resettlement, privatization and commoditization of land and land-based production, and expansion of market infrastructure and the promotion of industrial agriculture. In addition we note a growing trend toward a transition from rural to urban livelihoods and expanding urban-labor markets. Springer US 2009-05-19 2009-06 /pmc/articles/PMC2709851/ /pubmed/19609457 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10745-009-9240-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2009 |
spellingShingle | Article Fox, Jefferson Fujita, Yayoi Ngidang, Dimbab Peluso, Nancy Potter, Lesley Sakuntaladewi, Niken Sturgeon, Janet Thomas, David Policies, Political-Economy, and Swidden in Southeast Asia |
title | Policies, Political-Economy, and Swidden in Southeast Asia |
title_full | Policies, Political-Economy, and Swidden in Southeast Asia |
title_fullStr | Policies, Political-Economy, and Swidden in Southeast Asia |
title_full_unstemmed | Policies, Political-Economy, and Swidden in Southeast Asia |
title_short | Policies, Political-Economy, and Swidden in Southeast Asia |
title_sort | policies, political-economy, and swidden in southeast asia |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2709851/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19609457 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10745-009-9240-7 |
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