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Association between mid-life marital status and cognitive function in later life: population based cohort study
Objectives To evaluate whether mid-life marital status is related to cognitive function in later life. Design Prospective population based study with an average follow-up of 21 years. Setting Kuopio and Joensuu regions in eastern Finland. Participants Participants were derived from random, populatio...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.
2009
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2714683/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19574312 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2462 |
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author | Håkansson, Krister Rovio, Suvi Helkala, Eeva-Liisa Vilska, Anna-Riitta Winblad, Bengt Soininen, Hilkka Nissinen, Aulikki Mohammed, Abdul H Kivipelto, Miia |
author_facet | Håkansson, Krister Rovio, Suvi Helkala, Eeva-Liisa Vilska, Anna-Riitta Winblad, Bengt Soininen, Hilkka Nissinen, Aulikki Mohammed, Abdul H Kivipelto, Miia |
author_sort | Håkansson, Krister |
collection | PubMed |
description | Objectives To evaluate whether mid-life marital status is related to cognitive function in later life. Design Prospective population based study with an average follow-up of 21 years. Setting Kuopio and Joensuu regions in eastern Finland. Participants Participants were derived from random, population based samples previously investigated in 1972, 1977, 1982, or 1987; 1449 individuals (73%), aged 65-79, underwent re-examination in 1998. Main outcome measures Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment. Results People cohabiting with a partner in mid-life (mean age 50.4) were less likely than all other categories (single, separated, or widowed) to show cognitive impairment later in life at ages 65-79. Those widowed or divorced in mid-life and still so at follow-up had three times the risk compared with married or cohabiting people. Those widowed both at mid-life and later life had an odds ratio of 7.67 (1.6 to 40.0) for Alzheimer’s disease compared with married or cohabiting people. The highest increased risk for Alzheimer’s disease was in carriers of the apolipoprotein E e4 allele who lost their partner before mid-life and were still widowed or divorced at follow-up. The progressive entering of several adjustment variables from mid-life did not alter these associations. Conclusions Living in a relationship with a partner might imply cognitive and social challenges that have a protective effect against cognitive impairment later in life, consistent with the brain reserve hypothesis. The specific increased risk for widowed and divorced people compared with single people indicates that other factors are needed to explain parts of the results. A sociogenetic disease model might explain the dramatic increase in risk of Alzheimer’s disease for widowed apolipoprotein E e4 carriers. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-2714683 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2009 |
publisher | BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-27146832009-07-23 Association between mid-life marital status and cognitive function in later life: population based cohort study Håkansson, Krister Rovio, Suvi Helkala, Eeva-Liisa Vilska, Anna-Riitta Winblad, Bengt Soininen, Hilkka Nissinen, Aulikki Mohammed, Abdul H Kivipelto, Miia BMJ Research Objectives To evaluate whether mid-life marital status is related to cognitive function in later life. Design Prospective population based study with an average follow-up of 21 years. Setting Kuopio and Joensuu regions in eastern Finland. Participants Participants were derived from random, population based samples previously investigated in 1972, 1977, 1982, or 1987; 1449 individuals (73%), aged 65-79, underwent re-examination in 1998. Main outcome measures Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment. Results People cohabiting with a partner in mid-life (mean age 50.4) were less likely than all other categories (single, separated, or widowed) to show cognitive impairment later in life at ages 65-79. Those widowed or divorced in mid-life and still so at follow-up had three times the risk compared with married or cohabiting people. Those widowed both at mid-life and later life had an odds ratio of 7.67 (1.6 to 40.0) for Alzheimer’s disease compared with married or cohabiting people. The highest increased risk for Alzheimer’s disease was in carriers of the apolipoprotein E e4 allele who lost their partner before mid-life and were still widowed or divorced at follow-up. The progressive entering of several adjustment variables from mid-life did not alter these associations. Conclusions Living in a relationship with a partner might imply cognitive and social challenges that have a protective effect against cognitive impairment later in life, consistent with the brain reserve hypothesis. The specific increased risk for widowed and divorced people compared with single people indicates that other factors are needed to explain parts of the results. A sociogenetic disease model might explain the dramatic increase in risk of Alzheimer’s disease for widowed apolipoprotein E e4 carriers. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. 2009-07-02 /pmc/articles/PMC2714683/ /pubmed/19574312 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2462 Text en © Håkansson et al 2009 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Håkansson, Krister Rovio, Suvi Helkala, Eeva-Liisa Vilska, Anna-Riitta Winblad, Bengt Soininen, Hilkka Nissinen, Aulikki Mohammed, Abdul H Kivipelto, Miia Association between mid-life marital status and cognitive function in later life: population based cohort study |
title | Association between mid-life marital status and cognitive function in later life: population based cohort study |
title_full | Association between mid-life marital status and cognitive function in later life: population based cohort study |
title_fullStr | Association between mid-life marital status and cognitive function in later life: population based cohort study |
title_full_unstemmed | Association between mid-life marital status and cognitive function in later life: population based cohort study |
title_short | Association between mid-life marital status and cognitive function in later life: population based cohort study |
title_sort | association between mid-life marital status and cognitive function in later life: population based cohort study |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2714683/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19574312 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2462 |
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