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Predictors of PFOA Levels in a Community Surrounding a Chemical Plant

BACKGROUND: Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is considered a probable human carcinogen by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It does not exist in nature but has been used widely since World War II. It is present in the serum of most Americans at about 4–5 ng/mL, although the routes of exposure r...

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Autores principales: Steenland, Kyle, Jin, Chuangfang, MacNeil, Jessica, Lally, Cathy, Ducatman, Alan, Vieira, Veronica, Fletcher, Tony
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 2009
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2717134/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19654917
http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0800294
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author Steenland, Kyle
Jin, Chuangfang
MacNeil, Jessica
Lally, Cathy
Ducatman, Alan
Vieira, Veronica
Fletcher, Tony
author_facet Steenland, Kyle
Jin, Chuangfang
MacNeil, Jessica
Lally, Cathy
Ducatman, Alan
Vieira, Veronica
Fletcher, Tony
author_sort Steenland, Kyle
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is considered a probable human carcinogen by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It does not exist in nature but has been used widely since World War II. It is present in the serum of most Americans at about 4–5 ng/mL, although the routes of exposure remain unknown. OBJECTIVES: We examined predictors of PFOA in mid-Ohio Valley residents living near a chemical plant that until recently released large quantities of PFOA into the environment, contaminating drinking water. METHODS: We studied 69,030 residents in six contaminated water districts who participated in a 2005–2006 survey involving a questionnaire and blood tests. Of these, 64,251 had complete data on PFOA and covariates. We also analyzed a subset (71%) for whom we had occupational history. We ran linear regression models to determine serum PFOA predictors. RESULTS: Mean PFOA serum level was 83.0 ng/mL (median, 28.2). The most important predictors were current (median for all districts, 38.4; highest district, 224.1) and past (median, 18.6) residence in contaminated water districts, and current (median, 147.8) and past (median, 74.9) employment at the chemical plant (R(2) model = 0.55). PFOA was higher for males, those consuming local vegetables, and those using well water rather than public water, and lower for those using bottled water. PFOA was higher at younger and older ages. CONCLUSIONS: PFOA levels in this population varied with distance of residence from the plant and employment at the plant. Effects of age and sex reflected prior findings. Effects of other demographic and lifestyle covariates were relatively weak.
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spelling pubmed-27171342009-08-04 Predictors of PFOA Levels in a Community Surrounding a Chemical Plant Steenland, Kyle Jin, Chuangfang MacNeil, Jessica Lally, Cathy Ducatman, Alan Vieira, Veronica Fletcher, Tony Environ Health Perspect Research BACKGROUND: Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is considered a probable human carcinogen by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It does not exist in nature but has been used widely since World War II. It is present in the serum of most Americans at about 4–5 ng/mL, although the routes of exposure remain unknown. OBJECTIVES: We examined predictors of PFOA in mid-Ohio Valley residents living near a chemical plant that until recently released large quantities of PFOA into the environment, contaminating drinking water. METHODS: We studied 69,030 residents in six contaminated water districts who participated in a 2005–2006 survey involving a questionnaire and blood tests. Of these, 64,251 had complete data on PFOA and covariates. We also analyzed a subset (71%) for whom we had occupational history. We ran linear regression models to determine serum PFOA predictors. RESULTS: Mean PFOA serum level was 83.0 ng/mL (median, 28.2). The most important predictors were current (median for all districts, 38.4; highest district, 224.1) and past (median, 18.6) residence in contaminated water districts, and current (median, 147.8) and past (median, 74.9) employment at the chemical plant (R(2) model = 0.55). PFOA was higher for males, those consuming local vegetables, and those using well water rather than public water, and lower for those using bottled water. PFOA was higher at younger and older ages. CONCLUSIONS: PFOA levels in this population varied with distance of residence from the plant and employment at the plant. Effects of age and sex reflected prior findings. Effects of other demographic and lifestyle covariates were relatively weak. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 2009-07 2009-03-23 /pmc/articles/PMC2717134/ /pubmed/19654917 http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0800294 Text en http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Publication of EHP lies in the public domain and is therefore without copyright. All text from EHP may be reprinted freely. Use of materials published in EHP should be acknowledged (for example, ?Reproduced with permission from Environmental Health Perspectives?); pertinent reference information should be provided for the article from which the material was reproduced. Articles from EHP, especially the News section, may contain photographs or illustrations copyrighted by other commercial organizations or individuals that may not be used without obtaining prior approval from the holder of the copyright.
spellingShingle Research
Steenland, Kyle
Jin, Chuangfang
MacNeil, Jessica
Lally, Cathy
Ducatman, Alan
Vieira, Veronica
Fletcher, Tony
Predictors of PFOA Levels in a Community Surrounding a Chemical Plant
title Predictors of PFOA Levels in a Community Surrounding a Chemical Plant
title_full Predictors of PFOA Levels in a Community Surrounding a Chemical Plant
title_fullStr Predictors of PFOA Levels in a Community Surrounding a Chemical Plant
title_full_unstemmed Predictors of PFOA Levels in a Community Surrounding a Chemical Plant
title_short Predictors of PFOA Levels in a Community Surrounding a Chemical Plant
title_sort predictors of pfoa levels in a community surrounding a chemical plant
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2717134/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19654917
http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0800294
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