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A Model for Cortical Rewiring Following Deafferentation and Focal Stroke

It is still unclear to what extent structural plasticity in terms of synaptic rewiring is the cause for cortical remapping after a lesion. Recent two-photon laser imaging studies demonstrate that synaptic rewiring is persistent in the adult brain and is dramatically increased following brain lesions...

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Autores principales: Butz, Markus, van Ooyen, Arjen, Wörgötter, Florentin
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Research Foundation 2009
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2726035/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19680468
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/neuro.10.010.2009
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author Butz, Markus
van Ooyen, Arjen
Wörgötter, Florentin
author_facet Butz, Markus
van Ooyen, Arjen
Wörgötter, Florentin
author_sort Butz, Markus
collection PubMed
description It is still unclear to what extent structural plasticity in terms of synaptic rewiring is the cause for cortical remapping after a lesion. Recent two-photon laser imaging studies demonstrate that synaptic rewiring is persistent in the adult brain and is dramatically increased following brain lesions or after a loss of sensory input (cortical deafferentation). We use a recurrent neural network model to study the time course of synaptic rewiring following a peripheral lesion. For this, we represent axonal and dendritic elements of cortical neurons to model synapse formation, pruning and synaptic rewiring. Neurons increase and decrease the number of axonal and dendritic elements in an activity-dependent fashion in order to maintain their activity in a homeostatic equilibrium. In this study we demonstrate that synaptic rewiring contributes to neuronal homeostasis during normal development as well as following lesions. We show that networks in homeostasis, which can therefore be considered as adult networks, are much less able to compensate for a loss of input. Interestingly, we found that paused stimulation of the networks are much more effective promoting reorganization than continuous stimulation. This can be explained as neurons quickly adapt to this stimulation whereas pauses prevents a saturation of the positive stimulation effect. These findings may suggest strategies for improving therapies in neurologic rehabilitation.
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spelling pubmed-27260352009-08-13 A Model for Cortical Rewiring Following Deafferentation and Focal Stroke Butz, Markus van Ooyen, Arjen Wörgötter, Florentin Front Comput Neurosci Neuroscience It is still unclear to what extent structural plasticity in terms of synaptic rewiring is the cause for cortical remapping after a lesion. Recent two-photon laser imaging studies demonstrate that synaptic rewiring is persistent in the adult brain and is dramatically increased following brain lesions or after a loss of sensory input (cortical deafferentation). We use a recurrent neural network model to study the time course of synaptic rewiring following a peripheral lesion. For this, we represent axonal and dendritic elements of cortical neurons to model synapse formation, pruning and synaptic rewiring. Neurons increase and decrease the number of axonal and dendritic elements in an activity-dependent fashion in order to maintain their activity in a homeostatic equilibrium. In this study we demonstrate that synaptic rewiring contributes to neuronal homeostasis during normal development as well as following lesions. We show that networks in homeostasis, which can therefore be considered as adult networks, are much less able to compensate for a loss of input. Interestingly, we found that paused stimulation of the networks are much more effective promoting reorganization than continuous stimulation. This can be explained as neurons quickly adapt to this stimulation whereas pauses prevents a saturation of the positive stimulation effect. These findings may suggest strategies for improving therapies in neurologic rehabilitation. Frontiers Research Foundation 2009-08-04 /pmc/articles/PMC2726035/ /pubmed/19680468 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/neuro.10.010.2009 Text en Copyright © 2009 Butz, van Ooyen and Wörgötter. http://www.frontiersin.org/licenseagreement This is an open-access article subject to an exclusive license agreement between the authors and the Frontiers Research Foundation, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are credited.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Butz, Markus
van Ooyen, Arjen
Wörgötter, Florentin
A Model for Cortical Rewiring Following Deafferentation and Focal Stroke
title A Model for Cortical Rewiring Following Deafferentation and Focal Stroke
title_full A Model for Cortical Rewiring Following Deafferentation and Focal Stroke
title_fullStr A Model for Cortical Rewiring Following Deafferentation and Focal Stroke
title_full_unstemmed A Model for Cortical Rewiring Following Deafferentation and Focal Stroke
title_short A Model for Cortical Rewiring Following Deafferentation and Focal Stroke
title_sort model for cortical rewiring following deafferentation and focal stroke
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2726035/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19680468
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/neuro.10.010.2009
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