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RNA viruses in community-acquired childhood pneumonia in semi-urban Nepal; a cross-sectional study
BACKGROUND: Pneumonia is among the main causes of illness and death in children <5 years of age. There is a need to better describe the epidemiology of viral community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in developing countries. METHODS: From July 2004 to June 2007, we examined nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2009
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2727531/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19635124 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-7-35 |
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author | Mathisen, Maria Strand, Tor A Sharma, Biswa N Chandyo, Ram K Valentiner-Branth, Palle Basnet, Sudha Adhikari, Ramesh K Hvidsten, Dag Shrestha, Prakash S Sommerfelt, Halvor |
author_facet | Mathisen, Maria Strand, Tor A Sharma, Biswa N Chandyo, Ram K Valentiner-Branth, Palle Basnet, Sudha Adhikari, Ramesh K Hvidsten, Dag Shrestha, Prakash S Sommerfelt, Halvor |
author_sort | Mathisen, Maria |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Pneumonia is among the main causes of illness and death in children <5 years of age. There is a need to better describe the epidemiology of viral community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in developing countries. METHODS: From July 2004 to June 2007, we examined nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) from 2,230 cases of pneumonia (World Health Organization criteria) in children 2 to 35 months old recruited in a randomized trial of zinc supplementation at a field clinic in Bhaktapur, Nepal. The specimens were examined for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus type A (InfA) and B (InfB), parainfluenza virus types 1, 2 and 3 (PIV1, PIV2, and PIV3), and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) using a multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. RESULTS: We identified 919 virus isolates in 887 (40.0%) of the 2,219 NPA specimens with a valid PCR result, of which 334 (15.1%) yielded RSV, 164 (7.4%) InfA, 129 (5.8%) PIV3, 98 (4.4%) PIV1, 93 (4.2%) hMPV, 84 (3.8%) InfB, and 17 (0.8%) PIV2. CAP occurred in an epidemic pattern with substantial temporal variation during the three years of study. The largest peaks of pneumonia occurrence coincided with peaks of RSV infection, which occurred in epidemics during the rainy season and in winter. The monthly number of RSV infections was positively correlated with relative humidity (r(s )= 0.40, P = 0.01), but not with temperature or rainfall. An hMPV epidemic occurred during one of the three winter seasons and the monthly number of hMPV cases was also associated with relative humidity (r(s )= 0.55, P = 0.0005). CONCLUSION: Respiratory RNA viruses were detected from NPA in 40% of CAP cases in our study. The most commonly isolated viruses were RSV, InfA, and PIV3. RSV infections contributed substantially to the observed CAP epidemics. The occurrence of viral CAP in this community seemed to reflect more or less overlapping micro-epidemics with several respiratory viruses, highlighting the challenges of developing and implementing effective public health control measures. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-2727531 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2009 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-27275312009-08-15 RNA viruses in community-acquired childhood pneumonia in semi-urban Nepal; a cross-sectional study Mathisen, Maria Strand, Tor A Sharma, Biswa N Chandyo, Ram K Valentiner-Branth, Palle Basnet, Sudha Adhikari, Ramesh K Hvidsten, Dag Shrestha, Prakash S Sommerfelt, Halvor BMC Med Research Article BACKGROUND: Pneumonia is among the main causes of illness and death in children <5 years of age. There is a need to better describe the epidemiology of viral community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in developing countries. METHODS: From July 2004 to June 2007, we examined nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) from 2,230 cases of pneumonia (World Health Organization criteria) in children 2 to 35 months old recruited in a randomized trial of zinc supplementation at a field clinic in Bhaktapur, Nepal. The specimens were examined for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus type A (InfA) and B (InfB), parainfluenza virus types 1, 2 and 3 (PIV1, PIV2, and PIV3), and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) using a multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. RESULTS: We identified 919 virus isolates in 887 (40.0%) of the 2,219 NPA specimens with a valid PCR result, of which 334 (15.1%) yielded RSV, 164 (7.4%) InfA, 129 (5.8%) PIV3, 98 (4.4%) PIV1, 93 (4.2%) hMPV, 84 (3.8%) InfB, and 17 (0.8%) PIV2. CAP occurred in an epidemic pattern with substantial temporal variation during the three years of study. The largest peaks of pneumonia occurrence coincided with peaks of RSV infection, which occurred in epidemics during the rainy season and in winter. The monthly number of RSV infections was positively correlated with relative humidity (r(s )= 0.40, P = 0.01), but not with temperature or rainfall. An hMPV epidemic occurred during one of the three winter seasons and the monthly number of hMPV cases was also associated with relative humidity (r(s )= 0.55, P = 0.0005). CONCLUSION: Respiratory RNA viruses were detected from NPA in 40% of CAP cases in our study. The most commonly isolated viruses were RSV, InfA, and PIV3. RSV infections contributed substantially to the observed CAP epidemics. The occurrence of viral CAP in this community seemed to reflect more or less overlapping micro-epidemics with several respiratory viruses, highlighting the challenges of developing and implementing effective public health control measures. BioMed Central 2009-07-27 /pmc/articles/PMC2727531/ /pubmed/19635124 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-7-35 Text en Copyright © 2009 Mathisen et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Mathisen, Maria Strand, Tor A Sharma, Biswa N Chandyo, Ram K Valentiner-Branth, Palle Basnet, Sudha Adhikari, Ramesh K Hvidsten, Dag Shrestha, Prakash S Sommerfelt, Halvor RNA viruses in community-acquired childhood pneumonia in semi-urban Nepal; a cross-sectional study |
title | RNA viruses in community-acquired childhood pneumonia in semi-urban Nepal; a cross-sectional study |
title_full | RNA viruses in community-acquired childhood pneumonia in semi-urban Nepal; a cross-sectional study |
title_fullStr | RNA viruses in community-acquired childhood pneumonia in semi-urban Nepal; a cross-sectional study |
title_full_unstemmed | RNA viruses in community-acquired childhood pneumonia in semi-urban Nepal; a cross-sectional study |
title_short | RNA viruses in community-acquired childhood pneumonia in semi-urban Nepal; a cross-sectional study |
title_sort | rna viruses in community-acquired childhood pneumonia in semi-urban nepal; a cross-sectional study |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2727531/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19635124 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-7-35 |
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