Cargando…

Phylogeny of Annelida (Lophotrochozoa): total-evidence analysis of morphology and six genes

BACKGROUND: Annelida is one of the major protostome phyla, whose deep phylogeny is very poorly understood. Recent molecular phylogenies show that Annelida may include groups once considered separate phyla (Pogonophora, Echiurida, and Sipunculida) and that Clitellata are derived polychaetes. SThe &qu...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Zrzavý, Jan, Říha, Pavel, Piálek, Lubomír, Janouškovec, Jan
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2009
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2732625/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19660115
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-9-189
_version_ 1782171062619865088
author Zrzavý, Jan
Říha, Pavel
Piálek, Lubomír
Janouškovec, Jan
author_facet Zrzavý, Jan
Říha, Pavel
Piálek, Lubomír
Janouškovec, Jan
author_sort Zrzavý, Jan
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Annelida is one of the major protostome phyla, whose deep phylogeny is very poorly understood. Recent molecular phylogenies show that Annelida may include groups once considered separate phyla (Pogonophora, Echiurida, and Sipunculida) and that Clitellata are derived polychaetes. SThe "total-evidence" analyses combining morphological and molecular characters have been published for a few annelid taxa. No attempt has yet been made to analyse simultaneously morphological and molecular information concerning the Annelida as a whole. RESULTS: Phylogenetic relationships within Annelida were analysed on the basis of 93 morphological characters and sequences of six genes (18S, 28S, and 16S rRNA, EF1α, H3, COI), altogether, 87 terminals of all annelid "families" and 3,903 informative characters, by Bayesian and maximum-parsimony methods. The analysis of the combined dataset yields the following scheme of relationships: Phyllodocida and Eunicida are monophyletic groups, together probably forming monophyletic Aciculata (incl. Orbiniidae and Parergodrilidae that form a sister group of the Eunicida). The traditional "Scolecida" and "Canalipalpata" are both polyphyletic, forming instead two clades: one including Cirratuliformia and the "sabelloid-spionoid clade" (incl. Sternaspis, Sabellidae-Serpulidae, Sabellariidae, Spionida s.str.), the other ("terebelloid-capitelloid clade") including Terebelliformia, Arenicolidae-Maldanidae, and Capitellidae-Echiurida. The Clitellata and "clitellate-like polychaetes" (Aeolosomatidae, Potamodrilidae, Hrabeiella) form a monophyletic group. The position of the remaining annelid groups is uncertain – the most problematic taxa are the Opheliidae-Scalibregmatidae clade, the Amphinomida-Aberranta clade, Apistobranchus, Chaetopteridae, Myzostomida, the Sipunculida-Dinophilidae clade, and the "core Archiannelida" (= Protodrilidae, Nerillidae, Polygordiidae, Saccocirridae). CONCLUSION: The combined ("total-evidence") phylogenetic analysis provides a modified view of annelid evolution, with several higher-level taxa, i.e. Phyllodocida, Eunicida, orbinioid-parergodrilid clade (OPC), Cirratuliformia, sabelloid-spionoid clade (SSC), terebelloid-capitelloid clade (TCC), and "Clitellatomorpha". Two unorthodox clades, the "core Archiannelida" and Sipunculida-Dinophilidae, are proposed. Although the deep-level evolutionary relationships of Annelida remain poorly understood, we propose the monophyly of the Aciculata, sister-group relationships between the Eunicida and OPC, between the Cirratuliformia and SSC, and possibly also between the "Clitellatomorpha" and Oweniidae-Pogonophora clades.
format Text
id pubmed-2732625
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2009
publisher BioMed Central
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-27326252009-08-27 Phylogeny of Annelida (Lophotrochozoa): total-evidence analysis of morphology and six genes Zrzavý, Jan Říha, Pavel Piálek, Lubomír Janouškovec, Jan BMC Evol Biol Research Article BACKGROUND: Annelida is one of the major protostome phyla, whose deep phylogeny is very poorly understood. Recent molecular phylogenies show that Annelida may include groups once considered separate phyla (Pogonophora, Echiurida, and Sipunculida) and that Clitellata are derived polychaetes. SThe "total-evidence" analyses combining morphological and molecular characters have been published for a few annelid taxa. No attempt has yet been made to analyse simultaneously morphological and molecular information concerning the Annelida as a whole. RESULTS: Phylogenetic relationships within Annelida were analysed on the basis of 93 morphological characters and sequences of six genes (18S, 28S, and 16S rRNA, EF1α, H3, COI), altogether, 87 terminals of all annelid "families" and 3,903 informative characters, by Bayesian and maximum-parsimony methods. The analysis of the combined dataset yields the following scheme of relationships: Phyllodocida and Eunicida are monophyletic groups, together probably forming monophyletic Aciculata (incl. Orbiniidae and Parergodrilidae that form a sister group of the Eunicida). The traditional "Scolecida" and "Canalipalpata" are both polyphyletic, forming instead two clades: one including Cirratuliformia and the "sabelloid-spionoid clade" (incl. Sternaspis, Sabellidae-Serpulidae, Sabellariidae, Spionida s.str.), the other ("terebelloid-capitelloid clade") including Terebelliformia, Arenicolidae-Maldanidae, and Capitellidae-Echiurida. The Clitellata and "clitellate-like polychaetes" (Aeolosomatidae, Potamodrilidae, Hrabeiella) form a monophyletic group. The position of the remaining annelid groups is uncertain – the most problematic taxa are the Opheliidae-Scalibregmatidae clade, the Amphinomida-Aberranta clade, Apistobranchus, Chaetopteridae, Myzostomida, the Sipunculida-Dinophilidae clade, and the "core Archiannelida" (= Protodrilidae, Nerillidae, Polygordiidae, Saccocirridae). CONCLUSION: The combined ("total-evidence") phylogenetic analysis provides a modified view of annelid evolution, with several higher-level taxa, i.e. Phyllodocida, Eunicida, orbinioid-parergodrilid clade (OPC), Cirratuliformia, sabelloid-spionoid clade (SSC), terebelloid-capitelloid clade (TCC), and "Clitellatomorpha". Two unorthodox clades, the "core Archiannelida" and Sipunculida-Dinophilidae, are proposed. Although the deep-level evolutionary relationships of Annelida remain poorly understood, we propose the monophyly of the Aciculata, sister-group relationships between the Eunicida and OPC, between the Cirratuliformia and SSC, and possibly also between the "Clitellatomorpha" and Oweniidae-Pogonophora clades. BioMed Central 2009-08-06 /pmc/articles/PMC2732625/ /pubmed/19660115 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-9-189 Text en Copyright © 2009 Zrzavý et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Zrzavý, Jan
Říha, Pavel
Piálek, Lubomír
Janouškovec, Jan
Phylogeny of Annelida (Lophotrochozoa): total-evidence analysis of morphology and six genes
title Phylogeny of Annelida (Lophotrochozoa): total-evidence analysis of morphology and six genes
title_full Phylogeny of Annelida (Lophotrochozoa): total-evidence analysis of morphology and six genes
title_fullStr Phylogeny of Annelida (Lophotrochozoa): total-evidence analysis of morphology and six genes
title_full_unstemmed Phylogeny of Annelida (Lophotrochozoa): total-evidence analysis of morphology and six genes
title_short Phylogeny of Annelida (Lophotrochozoa): total-evidence analysis of morphology and six genes
title_sort phylogeny of annelida (lophotrochozoa): total-evidence analysis of morphology and six genes
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2732625/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19660115
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-9-189
work_keys_str_mv AT zrzavyjan phylogenyofannelidalophotrochozoatotalevidenceanalysisofmorphologyandsixgenes
AT rihapavel phylogenyofannelidalophotrochozoatotalevidenceanalysisofmorphologyandsixgenes
AT pialeklubomir phylogenyofannelidalophotrochozoatotalevidenceanalysisofmorphologyandsixgenes
AT janouskovecjan phylogenyofannelidalophotrochozoatotalevidenceanalysisofmorphologyandsixgenes