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Synthetic Plasmodium-Like Hemozoin Activates the Immune Response: A Morphology - Function Study
Increasing evidence points to an important role for hemozoin (HZ), the malaria pigment, in the immunopathology related to this infection. However, there is no consensus as to whether HZ exerts its immunostimulatory activity in absence of other parasite or host components. Contamination of native HZ...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2009
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2734055/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19742308 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0006957 |
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author | Jaramillo, Maritza Bellemare, Marie-Josée Martel, Caroline Shio, Marina Tiemi Contreras, Ana Paulina Godbout, Marianne Roger, Michel Gaudreault, Eric Gosselin, Jean Bohle, D. Scott Olivier, Martin |
author_facet | Jaramillo, Maritza Bellemare, Marie-Josée Martel, Caroline Shio, Marina Tiemi Contreras, Ana Paulina Godbout, Marianne Roger, Michel Gaudreault, Eric Gosselin, Jean Bohle, D. Scott Olivier, Martin |
author_sort | Jaramillo, Maritza |
collection | PubMed |
description | Increasing evidence points to an important role for hemozoin (HZ), the malaria pigment, in the immunopathology related to this infection. However, there is no consensus as to whether HZ exerts its immunostimulatory activity in absence of other parasite or host components. Contamination of native HZ preparations and the lack of a unified protocol to produce crystals that mimic those of Plasmodium HZ (PHZ) are major technical limitants when performing functional studies with HZ. In fact, the most commonly used methods generate a heterogeneous nanocrystalline material. Thus, it is likely that such aggregates do not resemble to PHZ and differ in their inflammatory properties. To address this issue, the present study was designed to establish whether synthetic HZ (sHZ) crystals produced by different methods vary in their morphology and in their ability to activate immune responses. We report a new method of HZ synthesis (the precise aqueous acid-catalyzed method) that yields homogeneous sHZ crystals (Plasmodium-like HZ) which are very similar to PHZ in their size and physicochemical properties. Importantly, these crystals are devoid of protein and DNA contamination. Of interest, structure-function studies revealed that the size and shape of the synthetic crystals influences their ability to activate inflammatory responses (e.g. nitric oxide, chemokine and cytokine mRNA) in vitro and in vivo. In summary, our data confirm that sHZ possesses immunostimulatory properties and underline the importance of verifying by electron microscopy both the morphology and homogeneity of the synthetic crystals to ensure that they closely resemble those of the parasite. Periodic quality control experiments and unification of the method of HZ synthesis are key steps to unravel the role of HZ in malaria immunopathology. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-2734055 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2009 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-27340552009-09-09 Synthetic Plasmodium-Like Hemozoin Activates the Immune Response: A Morphology - Function Study Jaramillo, Maritza Bellemare, Marie-Josée Martel, Caroline Shio, Marina Tiemi Contreras, Ana Paulina Godbout, Marianne Roger, Michel Gaudreault, Eric Gosselin, Jean Bohle, D. Scott Olivier, Martin PLoS One Research Article Increasing evidence points to an important role for hemozoin (HZ), the malaria pigment, in the immunopathology related to this infection. However, there is no consensus as to whether HZ exerts its immunostimulatory activity in absence of other parasite or host components. Contamination of native HZ preparations and the lack of a unified protocol to produce crystals that mimic those of Plasmodium HZ (PHZ) are major technical limitants when performing functional studies with HZ. In fact, the most commonly used methods generate a heterogeneous nanocrystalline material. Thus, it is likely that such aggregates do not resemble to PHZ and differ in their inflammatory properties. To address this issue, the present study was designed to establish whether synthetic HZ (sHZ) crystals produced by different methods vary in their morphology and in their ability to activate immune responses. We report a new method of HZ synthesis (the precise aqueous acid-catalyzed method) that yields homogeneous sHZ crystals (Plasmodium-like HZ) which are very similar to PHZ in their size and physicochemical properties. Importantly, these crystals are devoid of protein and DNA contamination. Of interest, structure-function studies revealed that the size and shape of the synthetic crystals influences their ability to activate inflammatory responses (e.g. nitric oxide, chemokine and cytokine mRNA) in vitro and in vivo. In summary, our data confirm that sHZ possesses immunostimulatory properties and underline the importance of verifying by electron microscopy both the morphology and homogeneity of the synthetic crystals to ensure that they closely resemble those of the parasite. Periodic quality control experiments and unification of the method of HZ synthesis are key steps to unravel the role of HZ in malaria immunopathology. Public Library of Science 2009-09-09 /pmc/articles/PMC2734055/ /pubmed/19742308 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0006957 Text en Jaramillo et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Jaramillo, Maritza Bellemare, Marie-Josée Martel, Caroline Shio, Marina Tiemi Contreras, Ana Paulina Godbout, Marianne Roger, Michel Gaudreault, Eric Gosselin, Jean Bohle, D. Scott Olivier, Martin Synthetic Plasmodium-Like Hemozoin Activates the Immune Response: A Morphology - Function Study |
title | Synthetic Plasmodium-Like Hemozoin Activates the Immune Response: A Morphology - Function Study |
title_full | Synthetic Plasmodium-Like Hemozoin Activates the Immune Response: A Morphology - Function Study |
title_fullStr | Synthetic Plasmodium-Like Hemozoin Activates the Immune Response: A Morphology - Function Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Synthetic Plasmodium-Like Hemozoin Activates the Immune Response: A Morphology - Function Study |
title_short | Synthetic Plasmodium-Like Hemozoin Activates the Immune Response: A Morphology - Function Study |
title_sort | synthetic plasmodium-like hemozoin activates the immune response: a morphology - function study |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2734055/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19742308 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0006957 |
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