Cargando…

Clostridium perfringens Epsilon Toxin Increases the Small Intestinal Permeability in Mice and Rats

Epsilon toxin is a potent neurotoxin produced by Clostridium perfringens types B and D, an anaerobic bacterium that causes enterotoxaemia in ruminants. In the affected animal, it causes oedema of the lungs and brain by damaging the endothelial cells, inducing physiological and morphological changes....

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Goldstein, Jorge, Morris, Winston E., Loidl, César Fabián, Tironi-Farinatti, Carla, McClane, Bruce A., Uzal, Francisco A., Fernandez Miyakawa, Mariano E.
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2009
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2739291/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19763257
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0007065
_version_ 1782171580075343872
author Goldstein, Jorge
Morris, Winston E.
Loidl, César Fabián
Tironi-Farinatti, Carla
McClane, Bruce A.
Uzal, Francisco A.
Fernandez Miyakawa, Mariano E.
author_facet Goldstein, Jorge
Morris, Winston E.
Loidl, César Fabián
Tironi-Farinatti, Carla
McClane, Bruce A.
Uzal, Francisco A.
Fernandez Miyakawa, Mariano E.
author_sort Goldstein, Jorge
collection PubMed
description Epsilon toxin is a potent neurotoxin produced by Clostridium perfringens types B and D, an anaerobic bacterium that causes enterotoxaemia in ruminants. In the affected animal, it causes oedema of the lungs and brain by damaging the endothelial cells, inducing physiological and morphological changes. Although it is believed to compromise the intestinal barrier, thus entering the gut vasculature, little is known about the mechanism underlying this process. This study characterizes the effects of epsilon toxin on fluid transport and bioelectrical parameters in the small intestine of mice and rats. The enteropooling and the intestinal loop tests, together with the single-pass perfusion assay and in vitro and ex vivo analysis in Ussing's chamber, were all used in combination with histological and ultrastructural analysis of mice and rat small intestine, challenged with or without C. perfringens epsilon toxin. Luminal epsilon toxin induced a time and concentration dependent intestinal fluid accumulation and fall of the transepithelial resistance. Although no evident histological changes were observed, opening of the mucosa tight junction in combination with apoptotic changes in the lamina propria were seen with transmission electron microscopy. These results indicate that C. perfringens epsilon toxin alters the intestinal permeability, predominantly by opening the mucosa tight junction, increasing its permeability to macromolecules, and inducing further degenerative changes in the lamina propria of the bowel.
format Text
id pubmed-2739291
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2009
publisher Public Library of Science
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-27392912009-09-18 Clostridium perfringens Epsilon Toxin Increases the Small Intestinal Permeability in Mice and Rats Goldstein, Jorge Morris, Winston E. Loidl, César Fabián Tironi-Farinatti, Carla McClane, Bruce A. Uzal, Francisco A. Fernandez Miyakawa, Mariano E. PLoS One Research Article Epsilon toxin is a potent neurotoxin produced by Clostridium perfringens types B and D, an anaerobic bacterium that causes enterotoxaemia in ruminants. In the affected animal, it causes oedema of the lungs and brain by damaging the endothelial cells, inducing physiological and morphological changes. Although it is believed to compromise the intestinal barrier, thus entering the gut vasculature, little is known about the mechanism underlying this process. This study characterizes the effects of epsilon toxin on fluid transport and bioelectrical parameters in the small intestine of mice and rats. The enteropooling and the intestinal loop tests, together with the single-pass perfusion assay and in vitro and ex vivo analysis in Ussing's chamber, were all used in combination with histological and ultrastructural analysis of mice and rat small intestine, challenged with or without C. perfringens epsilon toxin. Luminal epsilon toxin induced a time and concentration dependent intestinal fluid accumulation and fall of the transepithelial resistance. Although no evident histological changes were observed, opening of the mucosa tight junction in combination with apoptotic changes in the lamina propria were seen with transmission electron microscopy. These results indicate that C. perfringens epsilon toxin alters the intestinal permeability, predominantly by opening the mucosa tight junction, increasing its permeability to macromolecules, and inducing further degenerative changes in the lamina propria of the bowel. Public Library of Science 2009-09-18 /pmc/articles/PMC2739291/ /pubmed/19763257 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0007065 Text en Goldstein et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Goldstein, Jorge
Morris, Winston E.
Loidl, César Fabián
Tironi-Farinatti, Carla
McClane, Bruce A.
Uzal, Francisco A.
Fernandez Miyakawa, Mariano E.
Clostridium perfringens Epsilon Toxin Increases the Small Intestinal Permeability in Mice and Rats
title Clostridium perfringens Epsilon Toxin Increases the Small Intestinal Permeability in Mice and Rats
title_full Clostridium perfringens Epsilon Toxin Increases the Small Intestinal Permeability in Mice and Rats
title_fullStr Clostridium perfringens Epsilon Toxin Increases the Small Intestinal Permeability in Mice and Rats
title_full_unstemmed Clostridium perfringens Epsilon Toxin Increases the Small Intestinal Permeability in Mice and Rats
title_short Clostridium perfringens Epsilon Toxin Increases the Small Intestinal Permeability in Mice and Rats
title_sort clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin increases the small intestinal permeability in mice and rats
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2739291/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19763257
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0007065
work_keys_str_mv AT goldsteinjorge clostridiumperfringensepsilontoxinincreasesthesmallintestinalpermeabilityinmiceandrats
AT morriswinstone clostridiumperfringensepsilontoxinincreasesthesmallintestinalpermeabilityinmiceandrats
AT loidlcesarfabian clostridiumperfringensepsilontoxinincreasesthesmallintestinalpermeabilityinmiceandrats
AT tironifarinatticarla clostridiumperfringensepsilontoxinincreasesthesmallintestinalpermeabilityinmiceandrats
AT mcclanebrucea clostridiumperfringensepsilontoxinincreasesthesmallintestinalpermeabilityinmiceandrats
AT uzalfranciscoa clostridiumperfringensepsilontoxinincreasesthesmallintestinalpermeabilityinmiceandrats
AT fernandezmiyakawamarianoe clostridiumperfringensepsilontoxinincreasesthesmallintestinalpermeabilityinmiceandrats