Arterio-arterial malformation between a high origin radial artery and brachial artery within the cubital fossa - its clinical and embryological significance: a case report

INTRODUCTION: Arterial variations of the upper extremity are commonly seen in the radial and ulnar arteries. Arterial variations can be damaged through iatrogenic means if not properly documented. CASE PRESENTATION: A rare arterial anomaly was found in a 61-year-old female cadaver consisting of an arterio-arterial malformation between a high-origin radial artery and the brachial artery within the cubital fossa. The high-origin radial artery arose from the axillary artery, deep to the pectoralis minor muscle. It coursed superficially through the anterior compartment of the arm, converging with the more deeply placed brachial artery in the cubital fossa. CONCLUSION: Our finding demonstrates the still vast array of possible arterial varieties and the need for awareness in order to prevent iatrogenic injury. We also provide supportive evidence of intussusceptive angiogenesis’ involvement in the formation of larger vessels.