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P115 RhoGEF and microtubules decide the direction apoptotic cells extrude from an epithelium

To preserve epithelial barrier function, dying cells are squeezed out of an epithelium by “apoptotic cell extrusion.” Specifically, a cell destined for apoptosis signals its live neighboring epithelial cells to form and contract a ring of actin and myosin II that squeezes the dying cell out of the e...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Slattum, Gloria, McGee, Karen M., Rosenblatt, Jody
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Rockefeller University Press 2009
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2742179/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19720875
http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200903079
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author Slattum, Gloria
McGee, Karen M.
Rosenblatt, Jody
author_facet Slattum, Gloria
McGee, Karen M.
Rosenblatt, Jody
author_sort Slattum, Gloria
collection PubMed
description To preserve epithelial barrier function, dying cells are squeezed out of an epithelium by “apoptotic cell extrusion.” Specifically, a cell destined for apoptosis signals its live neighboring epithelial cells to form and contract a ring of actin and myosin II that squeezes the dying cell out of the epithelial sheet. Although most apoptotic cells extrude apically, we find that some exit basally. Localization of actin and myosin IIA contraction dictates the extrusion direction: basal extrusion requires circumferential contraction of neighboring cells at their apices, whereas apical extrusion also requires downward contraction along the basolateral surfaces. To activate actin/myosin basolaterally, microtubules in neighboring cells reorient and target p115 RhoGEF to this site. Preventing microtubule reorientation restricts contraction to the apex, driving extrusion basally. Extrusion polarity has important implications for tumors where apoptosis is blocked but extrusion is not, as basal extrusion could enable these cells to initiate metastasis.
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spelling pubmed-27421792010-03-07 P115 RhoGEF and microtubules decide the direction apoptotic cells extrude from an epithelium Slattum, Gloria McGee, Karen M. Rosenblatt, Jody J Cell Biol Research Articles To preserve epithelial barrier function, dying cells are squeezed out of an epithelium by “apoptotic cell extrusion.” Specifically, a cell destined for apoptosis signals its live neighboring epithelial cells to form and contract a ring of actin and myosin II that squeezes the dying cell out of the epithelial sheet. Although most apoptotic cells extrude apically, we find that some exit basally. Localization of actin and myosin IIA contraction dictates the extrusion direction: basal extrusion requires circumferential contraction of neighboring cells at their apices, whereas apical extrusion also requires downward contraction along the basolateral surfaces. To activate actin/myosin basolaterally, microtubules in neighboring cells reorient and target p115 RhoGEF to this site. Preventing microtubule reorientation restricts contraction to the apex, driving extrusion basally. Extrusion polarity has important implications for tumors where apoptosis is blocked but extrusion is not, as basal extrusion could enable these cells to initiate metastasis. The Rockefeller University Press 2009-09-07 /pmc/articles/PMC2742179/ /pubmed/19720875 http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200903079 Text en © 2009 Slattum et al. This article is distributed under the terms of an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike–No Mirror Sites license for the first six months after the publication date (see http://www.jcb.org/misc/terms.shtml). After six months it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/).
spellingShingle Research Articles
Slattum, Gloria
McGee, Karen M.
Rosenblatt, Jody
P115 RhoGEF and microtubules decide the direction apoptotic cells extrude from an epithelium
title P115 RhoGEF and microtubules decide the direction apoptotic cells extrude from an epithelium
title_full P115 RhoGEF and microtubules decide the direction apoptotic cells extrude from an epithelium
title_fullStr P115 RhoGEF and microtubules decide the direction apoptotic cells extrude from an epithelium
title_full_unstemmed P115 RhoGEF and microtubules decide the direction apoptotic cells extrude from an epithelium
title_short P115 RhoGEF and microtubules decide the direction apoptotic cells extrude from an epithelium
title_sort p115 rhogef and microtubules decide the direction apoptotic cells extrude from an epithelium
topic Research Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2742179/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19720875
http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200903079
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