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Live Cells Exert 3-Dimensional Traction Forces on Their Substrata

The traction forces exerted by an adherent cell on a substrate have been studied only in the two-dimensions (2D) tangential to substrate surface (Txy). We developed a novel technique to measure the three-dimensional (3D) traction forces exerted by live bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) on poly...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Hur, Sung Sik, Zhao, Yihua, Li, Yi-Shuan, Botvinick, Elliot, Chien, Shu
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer US 2009
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2749171/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19779633
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12195-009-0082-6
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author Hur, Sung Sik
Zhao, Yihua
Li, Yi-Shuan
Botvinick, Elliot
Chien, Shu
author_facet Hur, Sung Sik
Zhao, Yihua
Li, Yi-Shuan
Botvinick, Elliot
Chien, Shu
author_sort Hur, Sung Sik
collection PubMed
description The traction forces exerted by an adherent cell on a substrate have been studied only in the two-dimensions (2D) tangential to substrate surface (Txy). We developed a novel technique to measure the three-dimensional (3D) traction forces exerted by live bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) on polyacrylamide deformable substrate. On 3D images acquired by confocal microscopy, displacements were determined with image-processing programs, and traction forces in tangential (XY) and normal (Z) directions were computed by finite element method (FEM). BAECs generated traction force in normal direction (Tz) with an order of magnitude comparable to Txy. Tz is upward at the cell edge and downward under the nucleus, changing continuously with a sign reversal between cell edge and nucleus edge. The method was evaluated regarding accuracy and precision of displacement measurements, effects of FE mesh size, displacement noises, and simple bootstrapping. These results provide new insights into cell-matrix interactions in terms of spatial and temporal variations in traction forces in 3D. This technique can be applied to study live cells to assess their biomechanical dynamics in conjunction with biochemical and functional activities, for investigating cellular functions in health and disease. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12195-009-0082-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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spelling pubmed-27491712009-09-23 Live Cells Exert 3-Dimensional Traction Forces on Their Substrata Hur, Sung Sik Zhao, Yihua Li, Yi-Shuan Botvinick, Elliot Chien, Shu Cell Mol Bioeng Article The traction forces exerted by an adherent cell on a substrate have been studied only in the two-dimensions (2D) tangential to substrate surface (Txy). We developed a novel technique to measure the three-dimensional (3D) traction forces exerted by live bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) on polyacrylamide deformable substrate. On 3D images acquired by confocal microscopy, displacements were determined with image-processing programs, and traction forces in tangential (XY) and normal (Z) directions were computed by finite element method (FEM). BAECs generated traction force in normal direction (Tz) with an order of magnitude comparable to Txy. Tz is upward at the cell edge and downward under the nucleus, changing continuously with a sign reversal between cell edge and nucleus edge. The method was evaluated regarding accuracy and precision of displacement measurements, effects of FE mesh size, displacement noises, and simple bootstrapping. These results provide new insights into cell-matrix interactions in terms of spatial and temporal variations in traction forces in 3D. This technique can be applied to study live cells to assess their biomechanical dynamics in conjunction with biochemical and functional activities, for investigating cellular functions in health and disease. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12195-009-0082-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Springer US 2009-08-26 2009-09 /pmc/articles/PMC2749171/ /pubmed/19779633 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12195-009-0082-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2009
spellingShingle Article
Hur, Sung Sik
Zhao, Yihua
Li, Yi-Shuan
Botvinick, Elliot
Chien, Shu
Live Cells Exert 3-Dimensional Traction Forces on Their Substrata
title Live Cells Exert 3-Dimensional Traction Forces on Their Substrata
title_full Live Cells Exert 3-Dimensional Traction Forces on Their Substrata
title_fullStr Live Cells Exert 3-Dimensional Traction Forces on Their Substrata
title_full_unstemmed Live Cells Exert 3-Dimensional Traction Forces on Their Substrata
title_short Live Cells Exert 3-Dimensional Traction Forces on Their Substrata
title_sort live cells exert 3-dimensional traction forces on their substrata
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2749171/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19779633
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12195-009-0082-6
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