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Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Analysis of European Archaeological M. leprae DNA

BACKGROUND: Leprosy was common in Europe eight to twelve centuries ago but molecular confirmation of this has been lacking. We have extracted M. leprae ancient DNA (aDNA) from medieval bones and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typed the DNA, this provides insight into the pattern of leprosy tra...

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Autores principales: Watson, Claire L., Lockwood, Diana N. J.
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2009
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2761613/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19847306
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0007547
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author Watson, Claire L.
Lockwood, Diana N. J.
author_facet Watson, Claire L.
Lockwood, Diana N. J.
author_sort Watson, Claire L.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Leprosy was common in Europe eight to twelve centuries ago but molecular confirmation of this has been lacking. We have extracted M. leprae ancient DNA (aDNA) from medieval bones and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typed the DNA, this provides insight into the pattern of leprosy transmission in Europe and may assist in the understanding of M. leprae evolution. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Skeletons have been exhumed from 3 European countries (the United Kingdom, Denmark and Croatia) and are dated around the medieval period (476 to 1350 A.D.). we tested for the presence of 3 previously identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 10 aDNA extractions. M. leprae aDNA was extracted from 6 of the 10 bone samples. SNP analysis of these 6 extractions were compared to previously analysed European SNP data using the same PCR assays and were found to be the same. Testing for the presence of SNPs in M. leprae DNA extracted from ancient bone samples is a novel approach to analysing European M. leprae DNA and the findings concur with the previously published data that European M. leprae strains fall in to one group (SNP group 3). CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the suggestion that the M. leprae genome is extremely stable and show that archaeological M. leprae DNA can be analysed to gain detailed information about the genotypic make-up of European leprosy, which may assist in the understanding of leprosy transmission worldwide.
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spelling pubmed-27616132009-10-22 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Analysis of European Archaeological M. leprae DNA Watson, Claire L. Lockwood, Diana N. J. PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Leprosy was common in Europe eight to twelve centuries ago but molecular confirmation of this has been lacking. We have extracted M. leprae ancient DNA (aDNA) from medieval bones and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typed the DNA, this provides insight into the pattern of leprosy transmission in Europe and may assist in the understanding of M. leprae evolution. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Skeletons have been exhumed from 3 European countries (the United Kingdom, Denmark and Croatia) and are dated around the medieval period (476 to 1350 A.D.). we tested for the presence of 3 previously identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 10 aDNA extractions. M. leprae aDNA was extracted from 6 of the 10 bone samples. SNP analysis of these 6 extractions were compared to previously analysed European SNP data using the same PCR assays and were found to be the same. Testing for the presence of SNPs in M. leprae DNA extracted from ancient bone samples is a novel approach to analysing European M. leprae DNA and the findings concur with the previously published data that European M. leprae strains fall in to one group (SNP group 3). CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the suggestion that the M. leprae genome is extremely stable and show that archaeological M. leprae DNA can be analysed to gain detailed information about the genotypic make-up of European leprosy, which may assist in the understanding of leprosy transmission worldwide. Public Library of Science 2009-10-22 /pmc/articles/PMC2761613/ /pubmed/19847306 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0007547 Text en Watson, Lockwood. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Watson, Claire L.
Lockwood, Diana N. J.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Analysis of European Archaeological M. leprae DNA
title Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Analysis of European Archaeological M. leprae DNA
title_full Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Analysis of European Archaeological M. leprae DNA
title_fullStr Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Analysis of European Archaeological M. leprae DNA
title_full_unstemmed Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Analysis of European Archaeological M. leprae DNA
title_short Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Analysis of European Archaeological M. leprae DNA
title_sort single nucleotide polymorphism analysis of european archaeological m. leprae dna
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2761613/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19847306
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0007547
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