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Release of Adenosine and ATP During Ischemia and Epilepsy

Eighty years ago Drury & Szent-Györgyi described the actions of adenosine, AMP (adenylic acid) and ATP (pyrophosphoric or diphosphoric ester of adenylic acid) on the mammalian cardiovascular system, skeletal muscle, intestinal and urinary systems. Since then considerable insight has been gleaned...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Dale, Nicholas, Frenguelli, Bruno G
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd. 2009
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2769001/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20190959
http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157015909789152146
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author Dale, Nicholas
Frenguelli, Bruno G
author_facet Dale, Nicholas
Frenguelli, Bruno G
author_sort Dale, Nicholas
collection PubMed
description Eighty years ago Drury & Szent-Györgyi described the actions of adenosine, AMP (adenylic acid) and ATP (pyrophosphoric or diphosphoric ester of adenylic acid) on the mammalian cardiovascular system, skeletal muscle, intestinal and urinary systems. Since then considerable insight has been gleaned on the means by which these compounds act, not least of which in the distinction between the two broad classes of their respective receptors, with their many subtypes, and the ensuing diversity in cellular consequences their activation invokes. These myriad actions are of course predicated on the release of the purines into the extracellular milieu, but, surprisingly, there is still considerable ambiguity as to how this occurs in various physiological and pathophysiological conditions. In this review we summarise the release of ATP and adenosine during seizures and cerebral ischemia and discuss mechanisms by which the purines adenosine and ATP may be released from cells in the CNS under these conditions.
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spelling pubmed-27690012010-03-01 Release of Adenosine and ATP During Ischemia and Epilepsy Dale, Nicholas Frenguelli, Bruno G Curr Neuropharmacol Article Eighty years ago Drury & Szent-Györgyi described the actions of adenosine, AMP (adenylic acid) and ATP (pyrophosphoric or diphosphoric ester of adenylic acid) on the mammalian cardiovascular system, skeletal muscle, intestinal and urinary systems. Since then considerable insight has been gleaned on the means by which these compounds act, not least of which in the distinction between the two broad classes of their respective receptors, with their many subtypes, and the ensuing diversity in cellular consequences their activation invokes. These myriad actions are of course predicated on the release of the purines into the extracellular milieu, but, surprisingly, there is still considerable ambiguity as to how this occurs in various physiological and pathophysiological conditions. In this review we summarise the release of ATP and adenosine during seizures and cerebral ischemia and discuss mechanisms by which the purines adenosine and ATP may be released from cells in the CNS under these conditions. Bentham Science Publishers Ltd. 2009-09 /pmc/articles/PMC2769001/ /pubmed/20190959 http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157015909789152146 Text en ©2009 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/), which permits unrestrictive use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Article
Dale, Nicholas
Frenguelli, Bruno G
Release of Adenosine and ATP During Ischemia and Epilepsy
title Release of Adenosine and ATP During Ischemia and Epilepsy
title_full Release of Adenosine and ATP During Ischemia and Epilepsy
title_fullStr Release of Adenosine and ATP During Ischemia and Epilepsy
title_full_unstemmed Release of Adenosine and ATP During Ischemia and Epilepsy
title_short Release of Adenosine and ATP During Ischemia and Epilepsy
title_sort release of adenosine and atp during ischemia and epilepsy
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2769001/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20190959
http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157015909789152146
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