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Positive selection for the male functionality of a co-retroposed gene in the hominoids
BACKGROUND: New genes generated by retroposition are widespread in humans and other mammalian species. Usually, this process copies a single parental gene and inserts it into a distant genomic location. However, retroposition of two adjacent parental genes, i.e. co-retroposition, had not been report...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2009
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2773790/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19832993 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-9-252 |
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author | Zhang, Yong Lu, Shujuan Zhao, Shuqi Zheng, Xiaofeng Long, Manyuan Wei, Liping |
author_facet | Zhang, Yong Lu, Shujuan Zhao, Shuqi Zheng, Xiaofeng Long, Manyuan Wei, Liping |
author_sort | Zhang, Yong |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: New genes generated by retroposition are widespread in humans and other mammalian species. Usually, this process copies a single parental gene and inserts it into a distant genomic location. However, retroposition of two adjacent parental genes, i.e. co-retroposition, had not been reported until the hominoid chimeric gene, PIPSL, was identified recently. It was shown how two genes linked in tandem (phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type I, alpha, PIP5K1A and proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 4, PSMD4) could be co-retroposed from a single RNA molecule to form this novel chimeric gene. However, understanding of the origination and biological function of PIPSL requires determination of the coding potential of this gene as well as the evolutionary forces acting on its hominoid copies. RESULTS: We tackled these problems by analyzing the evolutionary signature in both within-species variation and between species divergence in the sequence and structure of the gene. We revealed a significant evolutionary signature: the coding region has significantly lower sequence variation, especially insertions and deletions, suggesting that the human copy may encode a protein. Moreover, a survey across five different hominoid species revealed that all adaptive changes of PSMD4-derived regions occurred on branches leading to human and chimp rather than other hominoid lineages. Finally, computational analysis suggests testis-specific transcription of PIPSL is regulated by tissue-dependent methylation rather than some transcriptional leakage. CONCLUSION: Therefore, this set of analyses showed that PIPSL is an extraordinary co-retroposed protein-coding gene that may participate in the male functions of humans and its close relatives. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-2773790 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2009 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-27737902009-11-06 Positive selection for the male functionality of a co-retroposed gene in the hominoids Zhang, Yong Lu, Shujuan Zhao, Shuqi Zheng, Xiaofeng Long, Manyuan Wei, Liping BMC Evol Biol Research Article BACKGROUND: New genes generated by retroposition are widespread in humans and other mammalian species. Usually, this process copies a single parental gene and inserts it into a distant genomic location. However, retroposition of two adjacent parental genes, i.e. co-retroposition, had not been reported until the hominoid chimeric gene, PIPSL, was identified recently. It was shown how two genes linked in tandem (phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type I, alpha, PIP5K1A and proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 4, PSMD4) could be co-retroposed from a single RNA molecule to form this novel chimeric gene. However, understanding of the origination and biological function of PIPSL requires determination of the coding potential of this gene as well as the evolutionary forces acting on its hominoid copies. RESULTS: We tackled these problems by analyzing the evolutionary signature in both within-species variation and between species divergence in the sequence and structure of the gene. We revealed a significant evolutionary signature: the coding region has significantly lower sequence variation, especially insertions and deletions, suggesting that the human copy may encode a protein. Moreover, a survey across five different hominoid species revealed that all adaptive changes of PSMD4-derived regions occurred on branches leading to human and chimp rather than other hominoid lineages. Finally, computational analysis suggests testis-specific transcription of PIPSL is regulated by tissue-dependent methylation rather than some transcriptional leakage. CONCLUSION: Therefore, this set of analyses showed that PIPSL is an extraordinary co-retroposed protein-coding gene that may participate in the male functions of humans and its close relatives. BioMed Central 2009-10-15 /pmc/articles/PMC2773790/ /pubmed/19832993 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-9-252 Text en Copyright © 2009 Zhang et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Zhang, Yong Lu, Shujuan Zhao, Shuqi Zheng, Xiaofeng Long, Manyuan Wei, Liping Positive selection for the male functionality of a co-retroposed gene in the hominoids |
title | Positive selection for the male functionality of a co-retroposed gene in the hominoids |
title_full | Positive selection for the male functionality of a co-retroposed gene in the hominoids |
title_fullStr | Positive selection for the male functionality of a co-retroposed gene in the hominoids |
title_full_unstemmed | Positive selection for the male functionality of a co-retroposed gene in the hominoids |
title_short | Positive selection for the male functionality of a co-retroposed gene in the hominoids |
title_sort | positive selection for the male functionality of a co-retroposed gene in the hominoids |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2773790/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19832993 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-9-252 |
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