Effects of Inotropic Drugs on Mechanical Function and Oxygen Balance in Postischemic Canine Myocardium: Comparison of Dobutamine, Epinephrine, Amrinone, and Calcium Chloride

Brief ischemic episodes that induce myocardial and coronary endothelial dysfunction may alter the responses to inotropic drugs. To determine the effects of inotropic drugs in stunned myocardium, the coronary blood flow (CBF), myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO(2)), and regional mechanical function in response to intracoronary dobutamine, epinephrine, amrinone, and calcium chloride (CaCl(2)) were measured before (normal) and 30 min after a 15-min-period occlusion of the left anterior descending artery (stunned) in an open-chest canine model. Percent segment shortening (%SS) and post-systolic shortening (%PSS) were determined. Myocardial extraction of oxygen (EO(2)) and lactate (E(lac)) was calculated. The inotropic drugs increased %SS, CBF, and MVO(2) in normal myocardium. Epinephrine and amrinone decreased, while dobutamine and CaCl(2) did not affect EO(2). The ischemia and reperfusion itself significantly reduced %SS and E(lac), and increased %PSS. In stunned myocardium, the responses to inotropic drugs were not significantly altered, except that they progressively reduced %PSS and epinephrine did not affect EO(2). These findings indicate that a brief episode of ischemia does not affect the mechanical and metabolic coronary flow responses to inotropic drugs, although it abolishes direct vasodilator responses to epinephrine.