Effects of Using Human Patient Simulator (HPS™) versus a CD-ROM on Cognition and Critical Thinking

BACKGROUND: Very little prospective randomized experimental research exists on the use of simulation as a teaching method, and no studies have compared the two strategies of using the HPS™ and a CD-ROM. In addition, no researchers have investigated the effects of simulation on various levels of cognition, specifically lower-level and higher-level cognition or critical thinking. OBJECTIVES: A prospective pretest-posttest experimental mixed design (within and between) was used to determine if there were statistically significant differences in HPS™ and CD-ROM educational strategies in lower-level, higher-level cognition and critical thinking. RESULTS: A repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance (RMANOVA) with LSD post-hoc tests were used to analyze the data. There were no significant differences between the HPS™ and CD-ROM groups on lower-level cognition scores. The HPS™ group did significantly better than the CD-ROM group on higher-level cognition and critical thinking scores. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the choice of teaching strategies for lower-level cognition does not make a statistically significant difference in outcome. However, the HPS™ is superior to using CD-ROM and should be considered as the choice in teaching.