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C-reactive protein as a predictor of disease in smokers and former smokers: a review
BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking is a classical and a major risk factor in the development of several diseases with an inflammatory component, including cardiovascular disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Improvements in assays for protein markers of inflammation have led to many studies...
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd
2009
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2780563/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19732183 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-1241.2009.02179.x |
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author | Tonstad, S Cowan, J L |
author_facet | Tonstad, S Cowan, J L |
author_sort | Tonstad, S |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking is a classical and a major risk factor in the development of several diseases with an inflammatory component, including cardiovascular disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Improvements in assays for protein markers of inflammation have led to many studies on these factors and their roles in disease. AIMS: C-reactive protein (CRP) is one such marker and this review focuses on the evidence for using CRP as a diagnostic marker and how levels of this protein are modified according to the smoking status of the patient, both in terms of the current amount of cigarettes smoked and how CRP levels change following smoking cessation. CONCLUSIONS: Assay of CRP levels may be useful in monitoring disease progression and determining risk of future cardiovascular complications. However, as this marker is also an indicator of acute inflammation and challenges to the immune system, some caution must be exercised in interpreting the available data on CRP levels in patients with different chronic comorbidities. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-2780563 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2009 |
publisher | Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-27805632009-11-24 C-reactive protein as a predictor of disease in smokers and former smokers: a review Tonstad, S Cowan, J L Int J Clin Pract Review Articles BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking is a classical and a major risk factor in the development of several diseases with an inflammatory component, including cardiovascular disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Improvements in assays for protein markers of inflammation have led to many studies on these factors and their roles in disease. AIMS: C-reactive protein (CRP) is one such marker and this review focuses on the evidence for using CRP as a diagnostic marker and how levels of this protein are modified according to the smoking status of the patient, both in terms of the current amount of cigarettes smoked and how CRP levels change following smoking cessation. CONCLUSIONS: Assay of CRP levels may be useful in monitoring disease progression and determining risk of future cardiovascular complications. However, as this marker is also an indicator of acute inflammation and challenges to the immune system, some caution must be exercised in interpreting the available data on CRP levels in patients with different chronic comorbidities. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009-11 /pmc/articles/PMC2780563/ /pubmed/19732183 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-1241.2009.02179.x Text en Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ Re-use of this article is permitted in accordance with the Creative Commons Deed, Attribution 2.5, which does not permit commercial exploitation. |
spellingShingle | Review Articles Tonstad, S Cowan, J L C-reactive protein as a predictor of disease in smokers and former smokers: a review |
title | C-reactive protein as a predictor of disease in smokers and former smokers: a review |
title_full | C-reactive protein as a predictor of disease in smokers and former smokers: a review |
title_fullStr | C-reactive protein as a predictor of disease in smokers and former smokers: a review |
title_full_unstemmed | C-reactive protein as a predictor of disease in smokers and former smokers: a review |
title_short | C-reactive protein as a predictor of disease in smokers and former smokers: a review |
title_sort | c-reactive protein as a predictor of disease in smokers and former smokers: a review |
topic | Review Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2780563/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19732183 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-1241.2009.02179.x |
work_keys_str_mv | AT tonstads creactiveproteinasapredictorofdiseaseinsmokersandformersmokersareview AT cowanjl creactiveproteinasapredictorofdiseaseinsmokersandformersmokersareview |