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Annotation and expression of carboxylesterases in the silkworm, Bombyx mori
BACKGROUND: Carboxylesterase is a multifunctional superfamily and ubiquitous in all living organisms, including animals, plants, insects, and microbes. It plays important roles in xenobiotic detoxification, and pheromone degradation, neurogenesis and regulating development. Previous studies mainly u...
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2009
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2784812/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19930670 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-10-553 |
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author | Yu, Quan-You Lu, Cheng Li, Wen-Le Xiang, Zhong-Huai Zhang, Ze |
author_facet | Yu, Quan-You Lu, Cheng Li, Wen-Le Xiang, Zhong-Huai Zhang, Ze |
author_sort | Yu, Quan-You |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Carboxylesterase is a multifunctional superfamily and ubiquitous in all living organisms, including animals, plants, insects, and microbes. It plays important roles in xenobiotic detoxification, and pheromone degradation, neurogenesis and regulating development. Previous studies mainly used Dipteran Drosophila and mosquitoes as model organisms to investigate the roles of the insect COEs in insecticide resistance. However, genome-wide characterization of COEs in phytophagous insects and comparative analysis remain to be performed. RESULTS: Based on the newly assembled genome sequence, 76 putative COEs were identified in Bombyx mori. Relative to other Dipteran and Hymenopteran insects, alpha-esterases were significantly expanded in the silkworm. Genomics analysis suggested that BmCOEs showed chromosome preferable distribution and 55% of which were tandem arranged. Sixty-one BmCOEs were transcribed based on cDNA/ESTs and microarray data. Generally, most of the COEs showed tissue specific expressions and expression level between male and female did not display obvious differences. Three main patterns could be classified, i.e. midgut-, head and integument-, and silk gland-specific expressions. Midgut is the first barrier of xenobiotics peroral toxicity, in which COEs may be involved in eliminating secondary metabolites of mulberry leaves and contaminants of insecticides in diet. For head and integument-class, most of the members were homologous to odorant-degrading enzyme (ODE) and antennal esterase. RT-PCR verified that the ODE-like esterases were also highly expressed in larvae antenna and maxilla, and thus they may play important roles in degradation of plant volatiles or other xenobiotics. CONCLUSION: B. mori has the largest number of insect COE genes characterized to date. Comparative genomic analysis suggested that the gene expansion mainly occurred in silkworm alpha-esterases. Expression evidence indicated that the expanded genes were specifically expressed in midgut, integument and head, implying that these genes may have important roles in detoxifying secondary metabolites of mulberry leaves, contaminants in diet, and odorants. Our results provide some new insights into functions and evolutionary characteristics of COEs in phytophagous insects. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-2784812 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2009 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-27848122009-11-28 Annotation and expression of carboxylesterases in the silkworm, Bombyx mori Yu, Quan-You Lu, Cheng Li, Wen-Le Xiang, Zhong-Huai Zhang, Ze BMC Genomics Research article BACKGROUND: Carboxylesterase is a multifunctional superfamily and ubiquitous in all living organisms, including animals, plants, insects, and microbes. It plays important roles in xenobiotic detoxification, and pheromone degradation, neurogenesis and regulating development. Previous studies mainly used Dipteran Drosophila and mosquitoes as model organisms to investigate the roles of the insect COEs in insecticide resistance. However, genome-wide characterization of COEs in phytophagous insects and comparative analysis remain to be performed. RESULTS: Based on the newly assembled genome sequence, 76 putative COEs were identified in Bombyx mori. Relative to other Dipteran and Hymenopteran insects, alpha-esterases were significantly expanded in the silkworm. Genomics analysis suggested that BmCOEs showed chromosome preferable distribution and 55% of which were tandem arranged. Sixty-one BmCOEs were transcribed based on cDNA/ESTs and microarray data. Generally, most of the COEs showed tissue specific expressions and expression level between male and female did not display obvious differences. Three main patterns could be classified, i.e. midgut-, head and integument-, and silk gland-specific expressions. Midgut is the first barrier of xenobiotics peroral toxicity, in which COEs may be involved in eliminating secondary metabolites of mulberry leaves and contaminants of insecticides in diet. For head and integument-class, most of the members were homologous to odorant-degrading enzyme (ODE) and antennal esterase. RT-PCR verified that the ODE-like esterases were also highly expressed in larvae antenna and maxilla, and thus they may play important roles in degradation of plant volatiles or other xenobiotics. CONCLUSION: B. mori has the largest number of insect COE genes characterized to date. Comparative genomic analysis suggested that the gene expansion mainly occurred in silkworm alpha-esterases. Expression evidence indicated that the expanded genes were specifically expressed in midgut, integument and head, implying that these genes may have important roles in detoxifying secondary metabolites of mulberry leaves, contaminants in diet, and odorants. Our results provide some new insights into functions and evolutionary characteristics of COEs in phytophagous insects. BioMed Central 2009-11-24 /pmc/articles/PMC2784812/ /pubmed/19930670 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-10-553 Text en Copyright ©2009 Yu et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research article Yu, Quan-You Lu, Cheng Li, Wen-Le Xiang, Zhong-Huai Zhang, Ze Annotation and expression of carboxylesterases in the silkworm, Bombyx mori |
title | Annotation and expression of carboxylesterases in the silkworm, Bombyx mori |
title_full | Annotation and expression of carboxylesterases in the silkworm, Bombyx mori |
title_fullStr | Annotation and expression of carboxylesterases in the silkworm, Bombyx mori |
title_full_unstemmed | Annotation and expression of carboxylesterases in the silkworm, Bombyx mori |
title_short | Annotation and expression of carboxylesterases in the silkworm, Bombyx mori |
title_sort | annotation and expression of carboxylesterases in the silkworm, bombyx mori |
topic | Research article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2784812/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19930670 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-10-553 |
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