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Temporal and spatial distribution of human cryptosporidiosis in the west of Ireland 2004-2007
BACKGROUND: Cryptosporidiosis is increasingly recognised as a cause of gastrointestinal infection in Ireland and has been implicated in several outbreaks. This study aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of human cryptosporidiosis in the west of Ireland in order to identify high...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2009
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2789718/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19930685 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-072X-8-64 |
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author | Callaghan, Mary Cormican, Martin Prendergast, Martina Pelly, Heidi Cloughley, Richard Hanahoe, Belinda O'Donovan, Diarmuid |
author_facet | Callaghan, Mary Cormican, Martin Prendergast, Martina Pelly, Heidi Cloughley, Richard Hanahoe, Belinda O'Donovan, Diarmuid |
author_sort | Callaghan, Mary |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Cryptosporidiosis is increasingly recognised as a cause of gastrointestinal infection in Ireland and has been implicated in several outbreaks. This study aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of human cryptosporidiosis in the west of Ireland in order to identify high risk seasons and areas and to compare Classically Calculated (CC) and Empirical Bayesian (EB) incidence rates. Two spatial scales of analysis were used with a view to identifying the best one in assessing geographical patterns of infection. Global Moran's I and Local Moran's I tests of autocorrelation were used to test for evidence of global and local spatial clustering. RESULTS: There were statistically significant seasonal patterns of cryptosporidiosis with peaks in spring and an increasing temporal trend. Significant (p < 0.05) global spatial clustering was observed in CC rates at the Electoral Division (ED) level but not in EB rates at the same level. Despite variations in disease, ED level was found to provide the most accurate account of distribution of cryptosporidiosis in the West of Ireland but required spatial EB smoothing of cases. There were a number of areas identified with significant local clustering of cryptosporidiosis rates. CONCLUSION: This study identified spatial and temporal patterns in cryptosporidiosis distribution. The study also showed benefit in performing spatial analyses at more than one spatial scale to assess geographical patterns in disease distribution and that smoothing of disease rates for mapping in small areas enhances visualisation of spatial patterns. These findings are relevant in guiding policy decisions on disease control strategies. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-2789718 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2009 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-27897182009-12-08 Temporal and spatial distribution of human cryptosporidiosis in the west of Ireland 2004-2007 Callaghan, Mary Cormican, Martin Prendergast, Martina Pelly, Heidi Cloughley, Richard Hanahoe, Belinda O'Donovan, Diarmuid Int J Health Geogr Research BACKGROUND: Cryptosporidiosis is increasingly recognised as a cause of gastrointestinal infection in Ireland and has been implicated in several outbreaks. This study aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of human cryptosporidiosis in the west of Ireland in order to identify high risk seasons and areas and to compare Classically Calculated (CC) and Empirical Bayesian (EB) incidence rates. Two spatial scales of analysis were used with a view to identifying the best one in assessing geographical patterns of infection. Global Moran's I and Local Moran's I tests of autocorrelation were used to test for evidence of global and local spatial clustering. RESULTS: There were statistically significant seasonal patterns of cryptosporidiosis with peaks in spring and an increasing temporal trend. Significant (p < 0.05) global spatial clustering was observed in CC rates at the Electoral Division (ED) level but not in EB rates at the same level. Despite variations in disease, ED level was found to provide the most accurate account of distribution of cryptosporidiosis in the West of Ireland but required spatial EB smoothing of cases. There were a number of areas identified with significant local clustering of cryptosporidiosis rates. CONCLUSION: This study identified spatial and temporal patterns in cryptosporidiosis distribution. The study also showed benefit in performing spatial analyses at more than one spatial scale to assess geographical patterns in disease distribution and that smoothing of disease rates for mapping in small areas enhances visualisation of spatial patterns. These findings are relevant in guiding policy decisions on disease control strategies. BioMed Central 2009-11-24 /pmc/articles/PMC2789718/ /pubmed/19930685 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-072X-8-64 Text en Copyright ©2009 Callaghan et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Callaghan, Mary Cormican, Martin Prendergast, Martina Pelly, Heidi Cloughley, Richard Hanahoe, Belinda O'Donovan, Diarmuid Temporal and spatial distribution of human cryptosporidiosis in the west of Ireland 2004-2007 |
title | Temporal and spatial distribution of human cryptosporidiosis in the west of Ireland 2004-2007 |
title_full | Temporal and spatial distribution of human cryptosporidiosis in the west of Ireland 2004-2007 |
title_fullStr | Temporal and spatial distribution of human cryptosporidiosis in the west of Ireland 2004-2007 |
title_full_unstemmed | Temporal and spatial distribution of human cryptosporidiosis in the west of Ireland 2004-2007 |
title_short | Temporal and spatial distribution of human cryptosporidiosis in the west of Ireland 2004-2007 |
title_sort | temporal and spatial distribution of human cryptosporidiosis in the west of ireland 2004-2007 |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2789718/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19930685 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-072X-8-64 |
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