Effects of L-NAME, a non-specific nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, on AlCl(3)-induced toxicity in the rat forebrain cortex

The present experiments were done to determine the effectiveness of a non-specific nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), on oxidative stress parameters induced by aluminium chloride (AlCl(3)) intrahippocampal injections in Wistar rats. Animals were sacrificed 3 h and 30 d after treatments, heads were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and forebrain cortices were removed. Crude mitochondrial fraction preparations of forebrain cortices were used for the biochemical analyses: nitrite levels, superoxide production, malondialdehyde concentrations, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and reduced glutathione contents. AlCl(3) injection resulted in increased nitrite concentrations, superoxide anion production, malondialdehyde concentrations and reduced glutathione contents in the forebrain cortex, suggesting that AlCl(3) exposure promoted oxidative stress in this brain structure. The biochemical changes observed in neuronal tissues showed that aluminium acted as a pro-oxidant. However, the non-specific nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, L-NAME, exerted anti-oxidant actions in AlCl(3)-treated animals. These results revealed that NO-mediated neurotoxicity due to intrahippocampal AlCl(3) injection spread temporally and spatially to the forebrain cortex, and suggested a potentially neuroprotective effect for L-NAME.