Aberrant Methylation Inactivates Transforming Growth Factor β Receptor I in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Background. Alterations in TGF-β signaling are common in head and neck cancer (HNSCC). Mutations in TGF-β type II receptor (T β R-II) occur frequently in HNSCC while TGF-β type I receptor (T β R-I) mutations are rare, suggesting that other molecular alterations in the TGF-β pathway are likely. To identify abnormalities in T β R-I expression we analyzed 50 HNSCCs and correlated the results with clinical-pathologic features. Methods. Hypermethylation of T β R-I was evaluated via methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and restriction enzyme-mediated PCR (MSRE). Mutations in exons 1 and 7, mRNA and protein expression were analyzed by direct sequencing, semiquantitative RT—PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results. T β R-I expression was lost in 83% HNSCCs and was linked to DNA hypermethylation of the CpG-rich promoter region in 62% of the tumors. The variants 9A/6A and Int7G24A were found in two patients. Conclusions. This study shows that suppression of T β R-I expression in HNSCC is associated with DNA hypermethylation.