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Immunopathogenesis of polymicrobial otitis media

OM, or inflammation of the middle ear, is a highly prevalent infection in children worldwide. OM is a multifactorial disease with multiple risk factors, including preceding or concurrent viral URT infection. Hence, OM is also a polymicrobial disease. The mechanisms by which viruses predispose to bac...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: Bakaletz, Lauren O.
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2009
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2812561/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19843575
http://dx.doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0709518
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author Bakaletz, Lauren O.
author_facet Bakaletz, Lauren O.
author_sort Bakaletz, Lauren O.
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description OM, or inflammation of the middle ear, is a highly prevalent infection in children worldwide. OM is a multifactorial disease with multiple risk factors, including preceding or concurrent viral URT infection. Hence, OM is also a polymicrobial disease. The mechanisms by which viruses predispose to bacterial OM are replete; however, all are predicated on the general principle of compromise of primary host airway defenses. Thus, despite an as‐yet incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in bacterial superinfection of a virus‐compromised respiratory tract, the URT viruses are known to induce histopathology of airway mucosal epithelium, up‐regulate expression of eukaryotic receptors used for bacterial adherence, alter the biochemical and rheological properties of airway mucus, and affect innate and acquired host immune functions, among others. Although discussed here in the context of OM, during preceding or concurrent viral infection of the human respiratory tract, viral impairment of airway defenses and the resulting predisposition to subsequent bacterial coinfection are also known to be operational in the mid and lower airway as well.
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spelling pubmed-28125612010-02-24 Immunopathogenesis of polymicrobial otitis media Bakaletz, Lauren O. J Leukoc Biol Reviews OM, or inflammation of the middle ear, is a highly prevalent infection in children worldwide. OM is a multifactorial disease with multiple risk factors, including preceding or concurrent viral URT infection. Hence, OM is also a polymicrobial disease. The mechanisms by which viruses predispose to bacterial OM are replete; however, all are predicated on the general principle of compromise of primary host airway defenses. Thus, despite an as‐yet incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in bacterial superinfection of a virus‐compromised respiratory tract, the URT viruses are known to induce histopathology of airway mucosal epithelium, up‐regulate expression of eukaryotic receptors used for bacterial adherence, alter the biochemical and rheological properties of airway mucus, and affect innate and acquired host immune functions, among others. Although discussed here in the context of OM, during preceding or concurrent viral infection of the human respiratory tract, viral impairment of airway defenses and the resulting predisposition to subsequent bacterial coinfection are also known to be operational in the mid and lower airway as well. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2009-10-20 2010-02 /pmc/articles/PMC2812561/ /pubmed/19843575 http://dx.doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0709518 Text en © 2010 Society for Leukocyte Biology This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Reviews
Bakaletz, Lauren O.
Immunopathogenesis of polymicrobial otitis media
title Immunopathogenesis of polymicrobial otitis media
title_full Immunopathogenesis of polymicrobial otitis media
title_fullStr Immunopathogenesis of polymicrobial otitis media
title_full_unstemmed Immunopathogenesis of polymicrobial otitis media
title_short Immunopathogenesis of polymicrobial otitis media
title_sort immunopathogenesis of polymicrobial otitis media
topic Reviews
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2812561/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19843575
http://dx.doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0709518
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