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Myosin II Is Essential for the Spatiotemporal Organization of Traction Forces during Cell Motility

Amoeboid motility requires spatiotemporal coordination of biochemical pathways regulating force generation and consists of the quasi-periodic repetition of a motility cycle driven by actin polymerization and actomyosin contraction. Using new analytical tools and statistical methods, we provide, for...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Meili, Ruedi, Alonso-Latorre, Baldomero, del Álamo, Juan C., Firtel, Richard A., Lasheras, Juan C.
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The American Society for Cell Biology 2010
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2814786/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19955212
http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.E09-08-0703
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author Meili, Ruedi
Alonso-Latorre, Baldomero
del Álamo, Juan C.
Firtel, Richard A.
Lasheras, Juan C.
author_facet Meili, Ruedi
Alonso-Latorre, Baldomero
del Álamo, Juan C.
Firtel, Richard A.
Lasheras, Juan C.
author_sort Meili, Ruedi
collection PubMed
description Amoeboid motility requires spatiotemporal coordination of biochemical pathways regulating force generation and consists of the quasi-periodic repetition of a motility cycle driven by actin polymerization and actomyosin contraction. Using new analytical tools and statistical methods, we provide, for the first time, a statistically significant quantification of the spatial distribution of the traction forces generated at each phase of the cycle (protrusion, contraction, retraction, and relaxation). We show that cells are constantly under tensional stress and that wild-type cells develop two opposing “pole” forces pulling the front and back toward the center whose strength is modulated up and down periodically in each cycle. We demonstrate that nonmuscular myosin II complex (MyoII) cross-linking and motor functions have different roles in controlling the spatiotemporal distribution of traction forces, the changes in cell shape, and the duration of all the phases. We show that the time required to complete each phase is dramatically increased in cells with altered MyoII motor function, demonstrating that it is required not only for contraction but also for protrusion. Concomitant loss of MyoII actin cross-linking leads to a force redistribution throughout the cell perimeter pulling inward toward the center. However, it does not reduce significantly the magnitude of the traction forces, uncovering a non–MyoII-mediated mechanism for the contractility of the cell.
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spelling pubmed-28147862010-04-16 Myosin II Is Essential for the Spatiotemporal Organization of Traction Forces during Cell Motility Meili, Ruedi Alonso-Latorre, Baldomero del Álamo, Juan C. Firtel, Richard A. Lasheras, Juan C. Mol Biol Cell Articles Amoeboid motility requires spatiotemporal coordination of biochemical pathways regulating force generation and consists of the quasi-periodic repetition of a motility cycle driven by actin polymerization and actomyosin contraction. Using new analytical tools and statistical methods, we provide, for the first time, a statistically significant quantification of the spatial distribution of the traction forces generated at each phase of the cycle (protrusion, contraction, retraction, and relaxation). We show that cells are constantly under tensional stress and that wild-type cells develop two opposing “pole” forces pulling the front and back toward the center whose strength is modulated up and down periodically in each cycle. We demonstrate that nonmuscular myosin II complex (MyoII) cross-linking and motor functions have different roles in controlling the spatiotemporal distribution of traction forces, the changes in cell shape, and the duration of all the phases. We show that the time required to complete each phase is dramatically increased in cells with altered MyoII motor function, demonstrating that it is required not only for contraction but also for protrusion. Concomitant loss of MyoII actin cross-linking leads to a force redistribution throughout the cell perimeter pulling inward toward the center. However, it does not reduce significantly the magnitude of the traction forces, uncovering a non–MyoII-mediated mechanism for the contractility of the cell. The American Society for Cell Biology 2010-02-01 /pmc/articles/PMC2814786/ /pubmed/19955212 http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.E09-08-0703 Text en © 2010 by The American Society for Cell Biology
spellingShingle Articles
Meili, Ruedi
Alonso-Latorre, Baldomero
del Álamo, Juan C.
Firtel, Richard A.
Lasheras, Juan C.
Myosin II Is Essential for the Spatiotemporal Organization of Traction Forces during Cell Motility
title Myosin II Is Essential for the Spatiotemporal Organization of Traction Forces during Cell Motility
title_full Myosin II Is Essential for the Spatiotemporal Organization of Traction Forces during Cell Motility
title_fullStr Myosin II Is Essential for the Spatiotemporal Organization of Traction Forces during Cell Motility
title_full_unstemmed Myosin II Is Essential for the Spatiotemporal Organization of Traction Forces during Cell Motility
title_short Myosin II Is Essential for the Spatiotemporal Organization of Traction Forces during Cell Motility
title_sort myosin ii is essential for the spatiotemporal organization of traction forces during cell motility
topic Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2814786/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19955212
http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.E09-08-0703
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