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Effects of Marine Toxins on the Reproduction and Early Stages Development of Aquatic Organisms
Marine organisms, and specially phytoplankton species, are able to produce a diverse array of toxic compounds that are not yet fully understood in terms of their main targets and biological function. Toxins such as saxitoxins, tetrodotoxin, palytoxin, nodularin, okadaic acid, domoic acid, may be pro...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Molecular Diversity Preservation International
2010
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2817923/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20161971 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md8010059 |
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author | Vasconcelos, Vítor Azevedo, Joana Silva, Marisa Ramos, Vítor |
author_facet | Vasconcelos, Vítor Azevedo, Joana Silva, Marisa Ramos, Vítor |
author_sort | Vasconcelos, Vítor |
collection | PubMed |
description | Marine organisms, and specially phytoplankton species, are able to produce a diverse array of toxic compounds that are not yet fully understood in terms of their main targets and biological function. Toxins such as saxitoxins, tetrodotoxin, palytoxin, nodularin, okadaic acid, domoic acid, may be produced in large amounts by dinoflagellates, cyanobacteria, bacteria and diatoms and accumulate in vectors that transfer the toxin along food chains. These may affect top predator organisms, including human populations, leading in some cases to death. Nevertheless, these toxins may also affect the reproduction of aquatic organisms that may be in contact with the toxins, either by decreasing the amount or quality of gametes or by affecting embryonic development. Adults of some species may be insensitive to toxins but early stages are more prone to intoxication because they lack effective enzymatic systems to detoxify the toxins and are more exposed to the toxins due to a higher metabolic growth rate. In this paper we review the current knowledge on the effects of some of the most common marine toxins on the reproduction and development of early stages of some organisms. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-2817923 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2010 |
publisher | Molecular Diversity Preservation International |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-28179232010-02-16 Effects of Marine Toxins on the Reproduction and Early Stages Development of Aquatic Organisms Vasconcelos, Vítor Azevedo, Joana Silva, Marisa Ramos, Vítor Mar Drugs Review Marine organisms, and specially phytoplankton species, are able to produce a diverse array of toxic compounds that are not yet fully understood in terms of their main targets and biological function. Toxins such as saxitoxins, tetrodotoxin, palytoxin, nodularin, okadaic acid, domoic acid, may be produced in large amounts by dinoflagellates, cyanobacteria, bacteria and diatoms and accumulate in vectors that transfer the toxin along food chains. These may affect top predator organisms, including human populations, leading in some cases to death. Nevertheless, these toxins may also affect the reproduction of aquatic organisms that may be in contact with the toxins, either by decreasing the amount or quality of gametes or by affecting embryonic development. Adults of some species may be insensitive to toxins but early stages are more prone to intoxication because they lack effective enzymatic systems to detoxify the toxins and are more exposed to the toxins due to a higher metabolic growth rate. In this paper we review the current knowledge on the effects of some of the most common marine toxins on the reproduction and development of early stages of some organisms. Molecular Diversity Preservation International 2010-01-19 /pmc/articles/PMC2817923/ /pubmed/20161971 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md8010059 Text en © 2010 by the authors; licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Vasconcelos, Vítor Azevedo, Joana Silva, Marisa Ramos, Vítor Effects of Marine Toxins on the Reproduction and Early Stages Development of Aquatic Organisms |
title | Effects of Marine Toxins on the Reproduction and Early Stages Development of Aquatic Organisms |
title_full | Effects of Marine Toxins on the Reproduction and Early Stages Development of Aquatic Organisms |
title_fullStr | Effects of Marine Toxins on the Reproduction and Early Stages Development of Aquatic Organisms |
title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Marine Toxins on the Reproduction and Early Stages Development of Aquatic Organisms |
title_short | Effects of Marine Toxins on the Reproduction and Early Stages Development of Aquatic Organisms |
title_sort | effects of marine toxins on the reproduction and early stages development of aquatic organisms |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2817923/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20161971 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md8010059 |
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