Cargando…
The Smallest Known Genomes of Multicellular and Toxic Cyanobacteria: Comparison, Minimal Gene Sets for Linked Traits and the Evolutionary Implications
Cyanobacterial morphology is diverse, ranging from unicellular spheres or rods to multicellular structures such as colonies and filaments. Multicellular species represent an evolutionary strategy to differentiate and compartmentalize certain metabolic functions for reproduction and nitrogen (N(2)) f...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2010
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2821919/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20169071 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009235 |
_version_ | 1782177476533813248 |
---|---|
author | Stucken, Karina John, Uwe Cembella, Allan Murillo, Alejandro A. Soto-Liebe, Katia Fuentes-Valdés, Juan J. Friedel, Maik Plominsky, Alvaro M. Vásquez, Mónica Glöckner, Gernot |
author_facet | Stucken, Karina John, Uwe Cembella, Allan Murillo, Alejandro A. Soto-Liebe, Katia Fuentes-Valdés, Juan J. Friedel, Maik Plominsky, Alvaro M. Vásquez, Mónica Glöckner, Gernot |
author_sort | Stucken, Karina |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cyanobacterial morphology is diverse, ranging from unicellular spheres or rods to multicellular structures such as colonies and filaments. Multicellular species represent an evolutionary strategy to differentiate and compartmentalize certain metabolic functions for reproduction and nitrogen (N(2)) fixation into specialized cell types (e.g. akinetes, heterocysts and diazocytes). Only a few filamentous, differentiated cyanobacterial species, with genome sizes over 5 Mb, have been sequenced. We sequenced the genomes of two strains of closely related filamentous cyanobacterial species to yield further insights into the molecular basis of the traits of N(2) fixation, filament formation and cell differentiation. Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii CS-505 is a cylindrospermopsin-producing strain from Australia, whereas Raphidiopsis brookii D9 from Brazil synthesizes neurotoxins associated with paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). Despite their different morphology, toxin composition and disjunct geographical distribution, these strains form a monophyletic group. With genome sizes of approximately 3.9 (CS-505) and 3.2 (D9) Mb, these are the smallest genomes described for free-living filamentous cyanobacteria. We observed remarkable gene order conservation (synteny) between these genomes despite the difference in repetitive element content, which accounts for most of the genome size difference between them. We show here that the strains share a specific set of 2539 genes with >90% average nucleotide identity. The fact that the CS-505 and D9 genomes are small and streamlined compared to those of other filamentous cyanobacterial species and the lack of the ability for heterocyst formation in strain D9 allowed us to define a core set of genes responsible for each trait in filamentous species. We presume that in strain D9 the ability to form proper heterocysts was secondarily lost together with N(2) fixation capacity. Further comparisons to all available cyanobacterial genomes covering almost the entire evolutionary branch revealed a common minimal gene set for each of these cyanobacterial traits. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-2821919 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2010 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-28219192010-02-19 The Smallest Known Genomes of Multicellular and Toxic Cyanobacteria: Comparison, Minimal Gene Sets for Linked Traits and the Evolutionary Implications Stucken, Karina John, Uwe Cembella, Allan Murillo, Alejandro A. Soto-Liebe, Katia Fuentes-Valdés, Juan J. Friedel, Maik Plominsky, Alvaro M. Vásquez, Mónica Glöckner, Gernot PLoS One Research Article Cyanobacterial morphology is diverse, ranging from unicellular spheres or rods to multicellular structures such as colonies and filaments. Multicellular species represent an evolutionary strategy to differentiate and compartmentalize certain metabolic functions for reproduction and nitrogen (N(2)) fixation into specialized cell types (e.g. akinetes, heterocysts and diazocytes). Only a few filamentous, differentiated cyanobacterial species, with genome sizes over 5 Mb, have been sequenced. We sequenced the genomes of two strains of closely related filamentous cyanobacterial species to yield further insights into the molecular basis of the traits of N(2) fixation, filament formation and cell differentiation. Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii CS-505 is a cylindrospermopsin-producing strain from Australia, whereas Raphidiopsis brookii D9 from Brazil synthesizes neurotoxins associated with paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). Despite their different morphology, toxin composition and disjunct geographical distribution, these strains form a monophyletic group. With genome sizes of approximately 3.9 (CS-505) and 3.2 (D9) Mb, these are the smallest genomes described for free-living filamentous cyanobacteria. We observed remarkable gene order conservation (synteny) between these genomes despite the difference in repetitive element content, which accounts for most of the genome size difference between them. We show here that the strains share a specific set of 2539 genes with >90% average nucleotide identity. The fact that the CS-505 and D9 genomes are small and streamlined compared to those of other filamentous cyanobacterial species and the lack of the ability for heterocyst formation in strain D9 allowed us to define a core set of genes responsible for each trait in filamentous species. We presume that in strain D9 the ability to form proper heterocysts was secondarily lost together with N(2) fixation capacity. Further comparisons to all available cyanobacterial genomes covering almost the entire evolutionary branch revealed a common minimal gene set for each of these cyanobacterial traits. Public Library of Science 2010-02-16 /pmc/articles/PMC2821919/ /pubmed/20169071 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009235 Text en Stucken et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Stucken, Karina John, Uwe Cembella, Allan Murillo, Alejandro A. Soto-Liebe, Katia Fuentes-Valdés, Juan J. Friedel, Maik Plominsky, Alvaro M. Vásquez, Mónica Glöckner, Gernot The Smallest Known Genomes of Multicellular and Toxic Cyanobacteria: Comparison, Minimal Gene Sets for Linked Traits and the Evolutionary Implications |
title | The Smallest Known Genomes of Multicellular and Toxic Cyanobacteria: Comparison, Minimal Gene Sets for Linked Traits and the Evolutionary Implications |
title_full | The Smallest Known Genomes of Multicellular and Toxic Cyanobacteria: Comparison, Minimal Gene Sets for Linked Traits and the Evolutionary Implications |
title_fullStr | The Smallest Known Genomes of Multicellular and Toxic Cyanobacteria: Comparison, Minimal Gene Sets for Linked Traits and the Evolutionary Implications |
title_full_unstemmed | The Smallest Known Genomes of Multicellular and Toxic Cyanobacteria: Comparison, Minimal Gene Sets for Linked Traits and the Evolutionary Implications |
title_short | The Smallest Known Genomes of Multicellular and Toxic Cyanobacteria: Comparison, Minimal Gene Sets for Linked Traits and the Evolutionary Implications |
title_sort | smallest known genomes of multicellular and toxic cyanobacteria: comparison, minimal gene sets for linked traits and the evolutionary implications |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2821919/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20169071 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009235 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT stuckenkarina thesmallestknowngenomesofmulticellularandtoxiccyanobacteriacomparisonminimalgenesetsforlinkedtraitsandtheevolutionaryimplications AT johnuwe thesmallestknowngenomesofmulticellularandtoxiccyanobacteriacomparisonminimalgenesetsforlinkedtraitsandtheevolutionaryimplications AT cembellaallan thesmallestknowngenomesofmulticellularandtoxiccyanobacteriacomparisonminimalgenesetsforlinkedtraitsandtheevolutionaryimplications AT murilloalejandroa thesmallestknowngenomesofmulticellularandtoxiccyanobacteriacomparisonminimalgenesetsforlinkedtraitsandtheevolutionaryimplications AT sotoliebekatia thesmallestknowngenomesofmulticellularandtoxiccyanobacteriacomparisonminimalgenesetsforlinkedtraitsandtheevolutionaryimplications AT fuentesvaldesjuanj thesmallestknowngenomesofmulticellularandtoxiccyanobacteriacomparisonminimalgenesetsforlinkedtraitsandtheevolutionaryimplications AT friedelmaik thesmallestknowngenomesofmulticellularandtoxiccyanobacteriacomparisonminimalgenesetsforlinkedtraitsandtheevolutionaryimplications AT plominskyalvarom thesmallestknowngenomesofmulticellularandtoxiccyanobacteriacomparisonminimalgenesetsforlinkedtraitsandtheevolutionaryimplications AT vasquezmonica thesmallestknowngenomesofmulticellularandtoxiccyanobacteriacomparisonminimalgenesetsforlinkedtraitsandtheevolutionaryimplications AT glocknergernot thesmallestknowngenomesofmulticellularandtoxiccyanobacteriacomparisonminimalgenesetsforlinkedtraitsandtheevolutionaryimplications AT stuckenkarina smallestknowngenomesofmulticellularandtoxiccyanobacteriacomparisonminimalgenesetsforlinkedtraitsandtheevolutionaryimplications AT johnuwe smallestknowngenomesofmulticellularandtoxiccyanobacteriacomparisonminimalgenesetsforlinkedtraitsandtheevolutionaryimplications AT cembellaallan smallestknowngenomesofmulticellularandtoxiccyanobacteriacomparisonminimalgenesetsforlinkedtraitsandtheevolutionaryimplications AT murilloalejandroa smallestknowngenomesofmulticellularandtoxiccyanobacteriacomparisonminimalgenesetsforlinkedtraitsandtheevolutionaryimplications AT sotoliebekatia smallestknowngenomesofmulticellularandtoxiccyanobacteriacomparisonminimalgenesetsforlinkedtraitsandtheevolutionaryimplications AT fuentesvaldesjuanj smallestknowngenomesofmulticellularandtoxiccyanobacteriacomparisonminimalgenesetsforlinkedtraitsandtheevolutionaryimplications AT friedelmaik smallestknowngenomesofmulticellularandtoxiccyanobacteriacomparisonminimalgenesetsforlinkedtraitsandtheevolutionaryimplications AT plominskyalvarom smallestknowngenomesofmulticellularandtoxiccyanobacteriacomparisonminimalgenesetsforlinkedtraitsandtheevolutionaryimplications AT vasquezmonica smallestknowngenomesofmulticellularandtoxiccyanobacteriacomparisonminimalgenesetsforlinkedtraitsandtheevolutionaryimplications AT glocknergernot smallestknowngenomesofmulticellularandtoxiccyanobacteriacomparisonminimalgenesetsforlinkedtraitsandtheevolutionaryimplications |