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Sonication is superior to scraping for retrieval of bacteria in biofilm on titanium and steel surfaces in vitro

Background and purpose Low-virulence implant infections are characterized by bacterial colonization of the implant with subsequent biofilm formation. In these cases, soft tissue biopsies often prove to be culture negative. Consequently, detachment of the causative adherent bacteria is crucial for co...

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Autores principales: Bjerkan, Geir, Witsø, Eivind, Bergh, Kåre
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Informa Healthcare 2009
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2823171/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19404811
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17453670902947457
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author Bjerkan, Geir
Witsø, Eivind
Bergh, Kåre
author_facet Bjerkan, Geir
Witsø, Eivind
Bergh, Kåre
author_sort Bjerkan, Geir
collection PubMed
description Background and purpose Low-virulence implant infections are characterized by bacterial colonization of the implant with subsequent biofilm formation. In these cases, soft tissue biopsies often prove to be culture negative. Consequently, detachment of the causative adherent bacteria is crucial for correct microbiological diagnosis. Using an in vitro model, we compared 4 methods of biofilm sampling from metal surfaces. Methods Discs of titanium and steel were incubated in the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Propionibacterium acnes in Mueller Hinton broth. Non-adherent bacteria were removed by repeated rinsing of the discs. 10 parallels of each disc were subjected to 1 of 4 methods for bacterial recovery: (A) sonication of the discs, (B) scraping of the discs using surgical blades followed by streaking of the blades onto agar plates, (C) scraping of the discs followed by vortex mixing of the surgical blades, and (D) scraping of the discs followed by sonication of the surgical blades. Quantitative bacterial cultures were performed for each sampling method. Results With the exception of S. epidermidis on steel, sonication efficiently and reliably dislodged biofilm bacteria. The scraping methods employed did not detach bacteria embedded in biofilm. Interpretation Scraping of metal surfaces is not an adequate method for sampling of biofilm bacteria in vitro.
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spelling pubmed-28231712010-02-18 Sonication is superior to scraping for retrieval of bacteria in biofilm on titanium and steel surfaces in vitro Bjerkan, Geir Witsø, Eivind Bergh, Kåre Acta Orthop Research Article Background and purpose Low-virulence implant infections are characterized by bacterial colonization of the implant with subsequent biofilm formation. In these cases, soft tissue biopsies often prove to be culture negative. Consequently, detachment of the causative adherent bacteria is crucial for correct microbiological diagnosis. Using an in vitro model, we compared 4 methods of biofilm sampling from metal surfaces. Methods Discs of titanium and steel were incubated in the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Propionibacterium acnes in Mueller Hinton broth. Non-adherent bacteria were removed by repeated rinsing of the discs. 10 parallels of each disc were subjected to 1 of 4 methods for bacterial recovery: (A) sonication of the discs, (B) scraping of the discs using surgical blades followed by streaking of the blades onto agar plates, (C) scraping of the discs followed by vortex mixing of the surgical blades, and (D) scraping of the discs followed by sonication of the surgical blades. Quantitative bacterial cultures were performed for each sampling method. Results With the exception of S. epidermidis on steel, sonication efficiently and reliably dislodged biofilm bacteria. The scraping methods employed did not detach bacteria embedded in biofilm. Interpretation Scraping of metal surfaces is not an adequate method for sampling of biofilm bacteria in vitro. Informa Healthcare 2009-04-29 2009-04-01 /pmc/articles/PMC2823171/ /pubmed/19404811 http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17453670902947457 Text en Copyright: © Nordic Orthopedic Federation http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the source is credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Bjerkan, Geir
Witsø, Eivind
Bergh, Kåre
Sonication is superior to scraping for retrieval of bacteria in biofilm on titanium and steel surfaces in vitro
title Sonication is superior to scraping for retrieval of bacteria in biofilm on titanium and steel surfaces in vitro
title_full Sonication is superior to scraping for retrieval of bacteria in biofilm on titanium and steel surfaces in vitro
title_fullStr Sonication is superior to scraping for retrieval of bacteria in biofilm on titanium and steel surfaces in vitro
title_full_unstemmed Sonication is superior to scraping for retrieval of bacteria in biofilm on titanium and steel surfaces in vitro
title_short Sonication is superior to scraping for retrieval of bacteria in biofilm on titanium and steel surfaces in vitro
title_sort sonication is superior to scraping for retrieval of bacteria in biofilm on titanium and steel surfaces in vitro
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2823171/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19404811
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17453670902947457
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