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Molecular diversity of antimicrobial effectors in the oyster Crassostrea gigas

BACKGROUND: To gain insight into the molecular diversity of antimicrobial peptides and proteins in the oyster Crassostrea gigas, we characterized and compared the sequence polymorphism of the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), Cg-Defensins (Cg-Defs) and Cg-Proline Rich peptide (Cg-Prp), and of the bacte...

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Autores principales: Schmitt, Paulina, Gueguen, Yannick, Desmarais, Erick, Bachère, Evelyne, de Lorgeril, Julien
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2010
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2823732/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20100329
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-10-23
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author Schmitt, Paulina
Gueguen, Yannick
Desmarais, Erick
Bachère, Evelyne
de Lorgeril, Julien
author_facet Schmitt, Paulina
Gueguen, Yannick
Desmarais, Erick
Bachère, Evelyne
de Lorgeril, Julien
author_sort Schmitt, Paulina
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: To gain insight into the molecular diversity of antimicrobial peptides and proteins in the oyster Crassostrea gigas, we characterized and compared the sequence polymorphism of the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), Cg-Defensins (Cg-Defs) and Cg-Proline Rich peptide (Cg-Prp), and of the bactericidal permeability increasing protein, Cg-BPI. For that, we analyzed genomic and transcript sequences obtained by specific PCR amplification and in silico searches. RESULTS: High diversification among the three antimicrobial effectors was evidenced by this polymorphism survey. On the basis of sequence phylogenies, each AMP aggregates into clearly defined groups of variants and is the product of a multigenic family displaying a variety of gene structures. In contrast, Cg-bpi forms a single group and is encoded by a single gene copy. Moreover, we identified for both AMPs several genetic mechanisms of diversification such as recombination, parallel mutations leading to phylogenetic homoplasy and indel events. In addition, the non synonymous to synonymous substitutions ratio by codon (dN/dS) revealed several negatively and positively selected sites for both AMPs, suggesting that directional selection pressures have shaped their sequence variations. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows for the first time in a mollusc that antimicrobial peptides and proteins have been subject to distinct patterns of diversification and we evidence the existence of different evolutionary routes leading to such sequence variability.
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spelling pubmed-28237322010-02-18 Molecular diversity of antimicrobial effectors in the oyster Crassostrea gigas Schmitt, Paulina Gueguen, Yannick Desmarais, Erick Bachère, Evelyne de Lorgeril, Julien BMC Evol Biol Research article BACKGROUND: To gain insight into the molecular diversity of antimicrobial peptides and proteins in the oyster Crassostrea gigas, we characterized and compared the sequence polymorphism of the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), Cg-Defensins (Cg-Defs) and Cg-Proline Rich peptide (Cg-Prp), and of the bactericidal permeability increasing protein, Cg-BPI. For that, we analyzed genomic and transcript sequences obtained by specific PCR amplification and in silico searches. RESULTS: High diversification among the three antimicrobial effectors was evidenced by this polymorphism survey. On the basis of sequence phylogenies, each AMP aggregates into clearly defined groups of variants and is the product of a multigenic family displaying a variety of gene structures. In contrast, Cg-bpi forms a single group and is encoded by a single gene copy. Moreover, we identified for both AMPs several genetic mechanisms of diversification such as recombination, parallel mutations leading to phylogenetic homoplasy and indel events. In addition, the non synonymous to synonymous substitutions ratio by codon (dN/dS) revealed several negatively and positively selected sites for both AMPs, suggesting that directional selection pressures have shaped their sequence variations. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows for the first time in a mollusc that antimicrobial peptides and proteins have been subject to distinct patterns of diversification and we evidence the existence of different evolutionary routes leading to such sequence variability. BioMed Central 2010-01-25 /pmc/articles/PMC2823732/ /pubmed/20100329 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-10-23 Text en Copyright ©2010 Schmitt et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research article
Schmitt, Paulina
Gueguen, Yannick
Desmarais, Erick
Bachère, Evelyne
de Lorgeril, Julien
Molecular diversity of antimicrobial effectors in the oyster Crassostrea gigas
title Molecular diversity of antimicrobial effectors in the oyster Crassostrea gigas
title_full Molecular diversity of antimicrobial effectors in the oyster Crassostrea gigas
title_fullStr Molecular diversity of antimicrobial effectors in the oyster Crassostrea gigas
title_full_unstemmed Molecular diversity of antimicrobial effectors in the oyster Crassostrea gigas
title_short Molecular diversity of antimicrobial effectors in the oyster Crassostrea gigas
title_sort molecular diversity of antimicrobial effectors in the oyster crassostrea gigas
topic Research article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2823732/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20100329
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-10-23
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