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Basis of the Massachusetts Reference Dose and Drinking Water Standard for Perchlorate

OBJECTIVE: Perchlorate inhibits the uptake of iodide in the thyroid. Iodide is required to synthesize hormones critical to fetal and neonatal development. Many water supplies and foods are contaminated with perchlorate. Exposure standards are needed but controversial. Here we summarize the basis of...

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Autores principales: Zewdie, Tsedash, Smith, C. Mark, Hutcheson, Michael, West, Carol Rowan
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 2010
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2831965/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20056583
http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900635
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author Zewdie, Tsedash
Smith, C. Mark
Hutcheson, Michael
West, Carol Rowan
author_facet Zewdie, Tsedash
Smith, C. Mark
Hutcheson, Michael
West, Carol Rowan
author_sort Zewdie, Tsedash
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVE: Perchlorate inhibits the uptake of iodide in the thyroid. Iodide is required to synthesize hormones critical to fetal and neonatal development. Many water supplies and foods are contaminated with perchlorate. Exposure standards are needed but controversial. Here we summarize the basis of the Massachusetts (MA) perchlorate reference dose (RfD) and drinking water standard (DWS), which are considerably lower and more health protective than related values derived by several other agencies. We also review information regarding perchlorate risk assessment and policy. DATA SOURCES: MA Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) scientists, with input from a science advisory committee, assessed a wide range of perchlorate risk and exposure information. Health outcomes associated with iodine insufficiency were considered, as were data on perchlorate in drinking water disinfectants. DATA SYNTHESIS: We used a weight-of-the-evidence approach to evaluate perchlorate risks, paying particular attention to sensitive life stages. A health protective RfD (0.07 μg/kg/day) was derived using an uncertainty factor approach with perchlorate-induced iodide uptake inhibition as the point of departure. The MA DWS (2 μg/L) was based on risk management decisions weighing information on perchlorate health risks and its presence in certain disinfectant solutions used to treat drinking water for pathogens. CONCLUSIONS: Current data indicate that perchlorate exposures attributable to drinking water in individuals at sensitive life stages should be minimized and support the MA DEP perchlorate RfD and DWS. Widespread exposure to perchlorate and other thyroid toxicants in drinking water and foods suggests that more comprehensive policies to reduce overall exposures and enhance iodine nutrition are needed.
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spelling pubmed-28319652010-03-16 Basis of the Massachusetts Reference Dose and Drinking Water Standard for Perchlorate Zewdie, Tsedash Smith, C. Mark Hutcheson, Michael West, Carol Rowan Environ Health Perspect Review OBJECTIVE: Perchlorate inhibits the uptake of iodide in the thyroid. Iodide is required to synthesize hormones critical to fetal and neonatal development. Many water supplies and foods are contaminated with perchlorate. Exposure standards are needed but controversial. Here we summarize the basis of the Massachusetts (MA) perchlorate reference dose (RfD) and drinking water standard (DWS), which are considerably lower and more health protective than related values derived by several other agencies. We also review information regarding perchlorate risk assessment and policy. DATA SOURCES: MA Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) scientists, with input from a science advisory committee, assessed a wide range of perchlorate risk and exposure information. Health outcomes associated with iodine insufficiency were considered, as were data on perchlorate in drinking water disinfectants. DATA SYNTHESIS: We used a weight-of-the-evidence approach to evaluate perchlorate risks, paying particular attention to sensitive life stages. A health protective RfD (0.07 μg/kg/day) was derived using an uncertainty factor approach with perchlorate-induced iodide uptake inhibition as the point of departure. The MA DWS (2 μg/L) was based on risk management decisions weighing information on perchlorate health risks and its presence in certain disinfectant solutions used to treat drinking water for pathogens. CONCLUSIONS: Current data indicate that perchlorate exposures attributable to drinking water in individuals at sensitive life stages should be minimized and support the MA DEP perchlorate RfD and DWS. Widespread exposure to perchlorate and other thyroid toxicants in drinking water and foods suggests that more comprehensive policies to reduce overall exposures and enhance iodine nutrition are needed. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 2010-01 2009-07-13 /pmc/articles/PMC2831965/ /pubmed/20056583 http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900635 Text en http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Publication of EHP lies in the public domain and is therefore without copyright. All text from EHP may be reprinted freely. Use of materials published in EHP should be acknowledged (for example, ?Reproduced with permission from Environmental Health Perspectives?); pertinent reference information should be provided for the article from which the material was reproduced. Articles from EHP, especially the News section, may contain photographs or illustrations copyrighted by other commercial organizations or individuals that may not be used without obtaining prior approval from the holder of the copyright.
spellingShingle Review
Zewdie, Tsedash
Smith, C. Mark
Hutcheson, Michael
West, Carol Rowan
Basis of the Massachusetts Reference Dose and Drinking Water Standard for Perchlorate
title Basis of the Massachusetts Reference Dose and Drinking Water Standard for Perchlorate
title_full Basis of the Massachusetts Reference Dose and Drinking Water Standard for Perchlorate
title_fullStr Basis of the Massachusetts Reference Dose and Drinking Water Standard for Perchlorate
title_full_unstemmed Basis of the Massachusetts Reference Dose and Drinking Water Standard for Perchlorate
title_short Basis of the Massachusetts Reference Dose and Drinking Water Standard for Perchlorate
title_sort basis of the massachusetts reference dose and drinking water standard for perchlorate
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2831965/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20056583
http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0900635
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