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Quality of Graphite Target for Biological/Biomedical/Environmental Applications of (14)C-Accelerator Mass Spectrometry

Catalytic graphitization for (14)C-accelerator mass spectrometry ((14)C-AMS) produced various forms of elemental carbon. Our high-throughput Zn reduction method (C/Fe = 1:5, 500 °C, 3 h) produced the AMS target of graphite-coated iron powder (GCIP), a mix of nongraphitic carbon and Fe(3)C. Crystalli...

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Autores principales: Kim, Seung-Hyun, Kelly, Peter B., Ortalan, Volkan, Browning, Nigel D., Clifford, Andrew J.
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Chemical Society 2010
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2837469/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20163100
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac9020769
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author Kim, Seung-Hyun
Kelly, Peter B.
Ortalan, Volkan
Browning, Nigel D.
Clifford, Andrew J.
author_facet Kim, Seung-Hyun
Kelly, Peter B.
Ortalan, Volkan
Browning, Nigel D.
Clifford, Andrew J.
author_sort Kim, Seung-Hyun
collection PubMed
description Catalytic graphitization for (14)C-accelerator mass spectrometry ((14)C-AMS) produced various forms of elemental carbon. Our high-throughput Zn reduction method (C/Fe = 1:5, 500 °C, 3 h) produced the AMS target of graphite-coated iron powder (GCIP), a mix of nongraphitic carbon and Fe(3)C. Crystallinity of the AMS targets of GCIP (nongraphitic carbon) was increased to turbostratic carbon by raising the C/Fe ratio from 1:5 to 1:1 and the graphitization temperature from 500 to 585 °C. The AMS target of GCIP containing turbostratic carbon had a large isotopic fractionation and a low AMS ion current. The AMS target of GCIP containing turbostratic carbon also yielded less accurate/precise (14)C-AMS measurements because of the lower graphitization yield and lower thermal conductivity that were caused by the higher C/Fe ratio of 1:1. On the other hand, the AMS target of GCIP containing nongraphitic carbon had higher graphitization yield and better thermal conductivity over the AMS target of GCIP containing turbostratic carbon due to optimal surface area provided by the iron powder. Finally, graphitization yield and thermal conductivity were stronger determinants (over graphite crystallinity) for accurate/precise/high-throughput biological, biomedical, and environmental(14)C-AMS applications such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination (ADME), and physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) of nutrients, drugs, phytochemicals, and environmental chemicals.
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spelling pubmed-28374692010-03-12 Quality of Graphite Target for Biological/Biomedical/Environmental Applications of (14)C-Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Kim, Seung-Hyun Kelly, Peter B. Ortalan, Volkan Browning, Nigel D. Clifford, Andrew J. Anal Chem Catalytic graphitization for (14)C-accelerator mass spectrometry ((14)C-AMS) produced various forms of elemental carbon. Our high-throughput Zn reduction method (C/Fe = 1:5, 500 °C, 3 h) produced the AMS target of graphite-coated iron powder (GCIP), a mix of nongraphitic carbon and Fe(3)C. Crystallinity of the AMS targets of GCIP (nongraphitic carbon) was increased to turbostratic carbon by raising the C/Fe ratio from 1:5 to 1:1 and the graphitization temperature from 500 to 585 °C. The AMS target of GCIP containing turbostratic carbon had a large isotopic fractionation and a low AMS ion current. The AMS target of GCIP containing turbostratic carbon also yielded less accurate/precise (14)C-AMS measurements because of the lower graphitization yield and lower thermal conductivity that were caused by the higher C/Fe ratio of 1:1. On the other hand, the AMS target of GCIP containing nongraphitic carbon had higher graphitization yield and better thermal conductivity over the AMS target of GCIP containing turbostratic carbon due to optimal surface area provided by the iron powder. Finally, graphitization yield and thermal conductivity were stronger determinants (over graphite crystallinity) for accurate/precise/high-throughput biological, biomedical, and environmental(14)C-AMS applications such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination (ADME), and physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) of nutrients, drugs, phytochemicals, and environmental chemicals. American Chemical Society 2010-02-17 2010-03-15 /pmc/articles/PMC2837469/ /pubmed/20163100 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac9020769 Text en Copyright © 2010 American Chemical Society http://pubs.acs.org This is an open-access article distributed under the ACS AuthorChoice Terms & Conditions. Any use of this article, must conform to the terms of that license which are available at http://pubs.acs.org.
spellingShingle Kim, Seung-Hyun
Kelly, Peter B.
Ortalan, Volkan
Browning, Nigel D.
Clifford, Andrew J.
Quality of Graphite Target for Biological/Biomedical/Environmental Applications of (14)C-Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
title Quality of Graphite Target for Biological/Biomedical/Environmental Applications of (14)C-Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
title_full Quality of Graphite Target for Biological/Biomedical/Environmental Applications of (14)C-Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
title_fullStr Quality of Graphite Target for Biological/Biomedical/Environmental Applications of (14)C-Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
title_full_unstemmed Quality of Graphite Target for Biological/Biomedical/Environmental Applications of (14)C-Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
title_short Quality of Graphite Target for Biological/Biomedical/Environmental Applications of (14)C-Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
title_sort quality of graphite target for biological/biomedical/environmental applications of (14)c-accelerator mass spectrometry
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2837469/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20163100
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac9020769
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