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Quality of Graphite Target for Biological/Biomedical/Environmental Applications of (14)C-Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
Catalytic graphitization for (14)C-accelerator mass spectrometry ((14)C-AMS) produced various forms of elemental carbon. Our high-throughput Zn reduction method (C/Fe = 1:5, 500 °C, 3 h) produced the AMS target of graphite-coated iron powder (GCIP), a mix of nongraphitic carbon and Fe(3)C. Crystalli...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Chemical Society
2010
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2837469/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20163100 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac9020769 |
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author | Kim, Seung-Hyun Kelly, Peter B. Ortalan, Volkan Browning, Nigel D. Clifford, Andrew J. |
author_facet | Kim, Seung-Hyun Kelly, Peter B. Ortalan, Volkan Browning, Nigel D. Clifford, Andrew J. |
author_sort | Kim, Seung-Hyun |
collection | PubMed |
description | Catalytic graphitization for (14)C-accelerator mass spectrometry ((14)C-AMS) produced various forms of elemental carbon. Our high-throughput Zn reduction method (C/Fe = 1:5, 500 °C, 3 h) produced the AMS target of graphite-coated iron powder (GCIP), a mix of nongraphitic carbon and Fe(3)C. Crystallinity of the AMS targets of GCIP (nongraphitic carbon) was increased to turbostratic carbon by raising the C/Fe ratio from 1:5 to 1:1 and the graphitization temperature from 500 to 585 °C. The AMS target of GCIP containing turbostratic carbon had a large isotopic fractionation and a low AMS ion current. The AMS target of GCIP containing turbostratic carbon also yielded less accurate/precise (14)C-AMS measurements because of the lower graphitization yield and lower thermal conductivity that were caused by the higher C/Fe ratio of 1:1. On the other hand, the AMS target of GCIP containing nongraphitic carbon had higher graphitization yield and better thermal conductivity over the AMS target of GCIP containing turbostratic carbon due to optimal surface area provided by the iron powder. Finally, graphitization yield and thermal conductivity were stronger determinants (over graphite crystallinity) for accurate/precise/high-throughput biological, biomedical, and environmental(14)C-AMS applications such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination (ADME), and physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) of nutrients, drugs, phytochemicals, and environmental chemicals. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-2837469 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2010 |
publisher | American Chemical Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-28374692010-03-12 Quality of Graphite Target for Biological/Biomedical/Environmental Applications of (14)C-Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Kim, Seung-Hyun Kelly, Peter B. Ortalan, Volkan Browning, Nigel D. Clifford, Andrew J. Anal Chem Catalytic graphitization for (14)C-accelerator mass spectrometry ((14)C-AMS) produced various forms of elemental carbon. Our high-throughput Zn reduction method (C/Fe = 1:5, 500 °C, 3 h) produced the AMS target of graphite-coated iron powder (GCIP), a mix of nongraphitic carbon and Fe(3)C. Crystallinity of the AMS targets of GCIP (nongraphitic carbon) was increased to turbostratic carbon by raising the C/Fe ratio from 1:5 to 1:1 and the graphitization temperature from 500 to 585 °C. The AMS target of GCIP containing turbostratic carbon had a large isotopic fractionation and a low AMS ion current. The AMS target of GCIP containing turbostratic carbon also yielded less accurate/precise (14)C-AMS measurements because of the lower graphitization yield and lower thermal conductivity that were caused by the higher C/Fe ratio of 1:1. On the other hand, the AMS target of GCIP containing nongraphitic carbon had higher graphitization yield and better thermal conductivity over the AMS target of GCIP containing turbostratic carbon due to optimal surface area provided by the iron powder. Finally, graphitization yield and thermal conductivity were stronger determinants (over graphite crystallinity) for accurate/precise/high-throughput biological, biomedical, and environmental(14)C-AMS applications such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination (ADME), and physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) of nutrients, drugs, phytochemicals, and environmental chemicals. American Chemical Society 2010-02-17 2010-03-15 /pmc/articles/PMC2837469/ /pubmed/20163100 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac9020769 Text en Copyright © 2010 American Chemical Society http://pubs.acs.org This is an open-access article distributed under the ACS AuthorChoice Terms & Conditions. Any use of this article, must conform to the terms of that license which are available at http://pubs.acs.org. |
spellingShingle | Kim, Seung-Hyun Kelly, Peter B. Ortalan, Volkan Browning, Nigel D. Clifford, Andrew J. Quality of Graphite Target for Biological/Biomedical/Environmental Applications of (14)C-Accelerator Mass Spectrometry |
title | Quality of Graphite Target for Biological/Biomedical/Environmental Applications of (14)C-Accelerator Mass Spectrometry |
title_full | Quality of Graphite Target for Biological/Biomedical/Environmental Applications of (14)C-Accelerator Mass Spectrometry |
title_fullStr | Quality of Graphite Target for Biological/Biomedical/Environmental Applications of (14)C-Accelerator Mass Spectrometry |
title_full_unstemmed | Quality of Graphite Target for Biological/Biomedical/Environmental Applications of (14)C-Accelerator Mass Spectrometry |
title_short | Quality of Graphite Target for Biological/Biomedical/Environmental Applications of (14)C-Accelerator Mass Spectrometry |
title_sort | quality of graphite target for biological/biomedical/environmental applications of (14)c-accelerator mass spectrometry |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2837469/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20163100 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac9020769 |
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