Low-dose cyclosporine treatment for sight-threatening uveitis: Efficacy, toxicity, and tolerance

AIM: To ascertain the effectiveness, tolerability, and safety of low-dose cyclosporine in the management of sight-threatening uveitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective clinical case series of patients using oral low-dose cyclosporine for the management of sight-threatening uveitis in the uvea clinic (UC). Patients receiving cyclosporine were identified from the clinic database. Main outcome measures were degree of intraocular inflammation, visual acuity and dose reduction of oral steroid for effectiveness and adverse symptoms, systemic hypertension, and raised serum creatinine for tolerability and safety. RESULTS: Intraocular inflammation was improved or stable in 97% of patients, visual acuity was improved or stable in 91%, and oral steroid dosage was reduced in 73% (by half or more in 51%). Adverse symptoms were almost universal, the commonest being peripheral paresthesia/burning in 70% and fatigue in 67%. Significant systemic hypertension developed in 27% and raised creatinine in 30%, necessitating dose reduction. Cyclosporine was discontinued in 35%, being intolerable in 20% and ineffective in 15%. CONCLUSIONS: Cyclosporine was found to be effective in reducing inflammation and protecting vision in sight-threatening uveitis. It was safe with proper monitoring, including in children. It had a significant toxicity profile and a high incidence of adverse symptoms which required close supervision, and a prompt dose reduction or drug exchange.